The use of isotherapy in correctional work with children with health and development problems

Art therapy for children: exciting techniques

The state of mental health of children and adolescents today is an important task not only for parents, but also for the teaching community. A healthy child is, first of all, a creative, cheerful, open person who knows himself and the world around him. We'll tell you about several types and exciting art therapy techniques that are perfect for both young children and teenagers.

Classical art therapy initially included such types of visual art as painting, modeling, photography, and graphics. However, in the modern world, new types of creativity and self-expression are emerging. Now popular are bibliotherapy, drama therapy, dance therapy, fairy tale therapy, video and audio therapy, mask therapy, sand therapy and much more. We will focus on the most accessible and popular types of creative therapy.

Simple tips

• Don't forget that art therapy is a creative process. The main thing is to have fun, not the result.
• Let your child choose the method and materials for art therapy. As practice shows, younger children often choose sand, and schoolchildren choose gouache.
• Children should not experience difficulties during the creative process. Any efforts during the work should be interesting, original, and enjoyable for the child.

Isotherapy

The most popular type of art therapy is drawing. A wide variety of art materials are suitable for it: paints, pencils, wax crayons, pastels, paper of various textures, brushes of different sizes and hardness, plasticine, etc. There are several drawing therapy techniques.

• Marani I
  are drawings made in an abstract manner that has no rules: we draw the way we want. In appearance, soiling sometimes looks like destructive actions with paints, crayons, pencils or plasticine. However, the game form of this format allows the child to satisfy destructive impulses.

• Monotype
  is a basic graphic technique. On a smooth surface - glass, plastic board, film - a drawing is made with gouache paint. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed to the surface. The result is a mirror image print.

• Drawing on glass.
  You will need a smooth glass surface and paints (a window, glass table or mirror will do). Children are fascinated by the process of drawing: the paint glides softly, it can be smeared with a brush and fingers, since it does not absorb into the glass surface and does not dry out for a long time. The described technique is used for the prevention and correction of anxiety, social fears and fears associated with the results of activities.

• Drawing with dry leaves and small bulk materials.

  Using leaves, dry winds, bulk materials and PVA glue, various designs are created. An image is applied to a sheet of paper with glue. Then the material, previously crushed or ground, is scattered on top. Excess, unadhered particles are shaken off. The described technique of creating images is suitable for children with severe motor awkwardness, negativism, and tightness; it promotes the process of adaptation to a new space and gives a feeling of success.

• Drawing with fingers, palms, other parts of the body

  is a kind of game with paints and new tactile sensations, during which destructive impulses and actions are expressed through prints on paper. The method is highly valued by child psychologists.

For older children, types of isotherapy such as painting with liquid acrylic or using the alcohol ink technique are suitable.

• Liquid acrylic or “Fluid Art”
  is a modern type of creativity, whose main feature is that a person does not need to have any drawing skills to create a work of art. The process involves feelings such as intuition and creativity, and the technique is so simple that beginners learn it immediately. Liquid acrylic painting can be recommended to those who like to experiment, love abstract paintings, want to learn how to draw from scratch and need relaxation.

• Alcohol ink
  is a technique of drawing with special ink by blowing it over a surface with a hairdryer. Creating paintings using this technique is similar to creating fancy patterns and shapes in the form of wavy geometric figures, and the play of paint is actually created by itself. All the artist needs to do is apply the dye and use his imagination.

Colored world. Allowance for children 5-6 years old.

This manual is included in the educational complex “Steps to School”, which presents a unique system for the development of school-significant functions and preparing children for school. The tasks in this manual will allow the preschooler to gain a more complete understanding of colors and their combinations, introduce them to the techniques of mixing colors, and also practice finding geometric shapes in a complex design. Complies with the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (2014). The text in the manual is intended to be read by adults to children.

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Sand therapy

Who among you and I did not play in the sandbox as children?
It is useful for children to sculpt sand figures, because this is how they can develop thinking, imagination and, most importantly, fine motor skills of the fingers. In addition, in the process of working with sand, an additional emphasis is placed on tactile sensitivity. Working with sand can be used either alone or in a group if the sandbox is divided into several sections. In this way, an atmosphere of trust and integrity is achieved, and interaction in the group is established. For classes, the child will need a small sandbox, a container of water and many different molds so that the child can create a composition in the sand, describe and explain his work of art.

Dance therapy

This technique allows you to liberate the child not only physically, but also emotionally.
Here the body is a tool, and movement is a process that helps you experience, recognize and express your feelings. In modern dance therapy, there are a wide variety of dance styles. Their choice depends on the physical and emotional characteristics and preferences of the child. Dance can become a powerful therapeutic tool that can reveal, develop and correct not only the physical, but also the emotional qualities of the individual. Just turn on your favorite music and dance together! Do not offer your child specific movements; let him choose them himself.

Music therapy

Today, there are passive and active forms of music therapy. In passive music therapy, the child listens to various pieces of music that correspond to a certain psychological and emotional state.

In active music therapy, children themselves participate in the performance of musical works. They can sing in a choir, play musical instruments, using both ordinary musical instruments and unusual ones, for example, their own body (claps, tapping, etc.). A particularly effective method is joint music therapy, which not only liberates the child, but also improves interpersonal interactions between parent and child.

Collage

This model of art therapy is suitable for absolutely everyone, regardless of age. And especially for those who don’t like to draw. Creating a collage using various cut-outs and illustrations helps children express their desires and develops creativity. The child has the opportunity to understand the topic that worries him and seems important to him. Collage teaches us to understand ourselves and our desires and clearly demonstrate them.

To create a collage you will need a large sheet of paper and various illustrations, magazine clippings, photographs, labels, stickers and anything that will help you figuratively express your thoughts.
You can determine the topic in advance: your desires, goals, feelings, mood, dreams, our summer, memories of school. We have listed only some types and techniques of art therapy. You can choose the ones that suit your child based on his hobbies and interests. Do not forget that the use of art therapy can be a creative exploration for a child, as well as a way of social adaptation. Help children understand themselves and the world around them through art, imagination and play.

What problems does isotherapy solve?

The main goal of isotherapy is to rid the child of problems such as:

• inability to express feelings and emotions, psychological “stiffness”, nervousness, aggressiveness, fears;
• imbalance, jealousy;
• low self-esteem, which, according to statistics, affects more than 70% of all people;
• erratic behavior;
• chronic stress;
• misunderstanding in the family;
• lack of development of creative potential, hidden capabilities and resources Source: Zautorova, E.V. The role of art and art therapy in the prevention and correction of deviant behavior in adolescents / E.V. Zautorova // Bulletin of psychosocial and correctional rehabilitation work. - 2005. No. 1.

Basic principles

Isotherapy classes are organized taking into account the basic principles on which this area is based.

1. You cannot set the task to draw beautifully or correctly. The more arbitrary the image, the more accurately it will convey what is happening inside a person.
2. Do not provide opportunities for self-evaluation and criticism (“I can’t draw,” “I’m not much of an artist”).
3. Provide a wide range of visual instruments. Their choice can tell a lot: a pencil will be taken by a pedant or a perfectionist, paints by a freedom-loving nature, felt-tip pens by a person prone to insincerity and lies.
4. No rulers, compasses or other drawing supplies. Everything is done entirely by hand.
5. Create an appropriate environment so that there are no distractions.
6. A psychologist (psychotherapist) should not interfere in the drawing process: you cannot comment, clarify, or explain anything.
7. It is imperative that the painter, upon completion of the work, comment on what he captured. Sometimes even a specialist can misinterpret what is depicted.
8. In group classes, other participants should not be allowed to comment on others' drawings without their consent.
9. To track changes occurring in a person, a specialist collects drawings into a separate portfolio, based on which he regularly draws conclusions and adjusts the course of correction or treatment.

If one or more principles are violated, isotherapy classes may turn out to be completely useless and ineffective.

How it works

In psychology, there is the concept of “overcontrol” - this is the part of the mind that censors all forms of thought. It is because of this that we do not say out loud everything we think about. But he is completely powerless in front of images, in particular those that are created in the process of drawing. Therefore, by carefully studying what a person has depicted, psychologists are able to understand what is actually happening to him and how he can be helped. Sometimes the simple act of pouring out what has accumulated inside is enough, and it becomes easier without the involvement of additional therapeutic techniques.

What it is

In the narrow sense of the word, isotherapy is a direction of art therapy that uses fine art methods to normalize the mental state of children and adults. In a broad sense, this is art therapy itself, since initially it was meant as work with drawings of people who need the help of psychologists and psychotherapists. It was later that it acquired new trends (dance, sand, drama, music and other therapies), so it was necessary to allocate a separate niche for painting.

Initially, isotherapy was used in psychiatry to diagnose diseases of the mentally ill (late 19th century). Then, having formed a separate direction, she migrated to psychotherapy as part of the treatment course for certain mental disorders. Today it is used in many areas. For example, in psychology this is one of the methods of both testing and correction. She is actively involved in social work not only with children suffering from deviant behavior, but also with various problem segments of the population, including the elderly, disabled, and people without a fixed place of residence.