The epileptoid type is characterized by increased excitability, long periods of heavy drinking, a tendency to outbursts of anger, and sexual promiscuity, which makes it possible to classify it as a group of impulsive individuals or overly excitable psychopaths (for example, hyperthymic, labile psychotype). In the case of pathology, we are talking about psychopathy. In cases where the manifestations are borderline in nature, the epileptoid is a person with whom it is not easy to communicate, much less live under the same roof.
Epileptoid personality type: how to communicate
Communicating with an epileptoid is not an easy task. They are often rude and petty, trying to manipulate their interlocutor
It is important to understand that such people are not restrained by moral standards; they will flatter and slander, oppress and enslave in order to get what they want. Therefore, there is no point in trying to change them or somehow neutrally explain their actions
Any manifestations of kindness will be perceived by the epileptoid type as a weakness that must be used for their own purposes.
In a conflict situation, such a subject cannot be stopped with prayers and humility. The sight of a defenseless victim will only provoke him and increase his aggression. The only language understandable to the epileptoid character type is the language of power. Only a worthy rebuff can stop him. However, given the harsh nature of epileptoids, it is best to simply not have anything to do with them. This will save you a lot of nerves and time.
Characteristics of the behavior of men of epileptoid type
In men of the epileptoid personality type, excitable accentuation is most pronounced:
- They are extremely unbalanced, indiscriminate in contacts (which is dictated by the desire for frequent changes of impressions), and incontinent in emotions and words.
- They can show “loyalty” to one woman if they have found in her a source of their own comfort. At the same time, they are often rude and unceremonious towards her.
- When they are overcome by anger, they do not consider it necessary to hide it, to somehow veil it. On the contrary, their gestures, facial expressions and obscene language demonstrate extreme displeasure and unwillingness to come to terms with anything or anyone.
- Among epileptoid men, there are often drinkers and alcohol-dependent people. When intoxicated, they are capable of committing serious crimes.
Epileptoids who do not drink are also predisposed to violent actions. The victims of their assault and public abuse usually become wives, adult household members, subordinates, neighbors or strangers who turn up in the hot hand. Dishes, furniture, business papers and other items that, in a fit of rage, will be thrown out of a window or destroyed in a fire can also be “damaged.”
Epileptoidism in men develops gradually. In boys, it may not manifest itself in any way until a certain moment. They study well, are neat in their everyday life, read a lot, and help their elders.
With the onset of puberty, the picture changes dramatically. Aggression becomes the norm, and literally every little thing in their path becomes an irritant.
Epileptoids can calm down and suppress irritation either alone, by doing reading or physical labor, or by receiving sexual satisfaction. Forensic medical examination knows cases of rape and attempted molestation of minors committed by epileptoids.
Professions
Epileptoids are more successful in professions that seem to be more “intended” for them... Well, of course, the military, more precisely, the contract officer corps, and not conscript soldiers. Police and law enforcement agencies. Teachers, doctors. To a lesser extent, but still suitable for epileptoids, the work of an accountant. Each of these professions is characterized by edifying, demanding, authoritarian, etc.
Epileptoids are persistent in mastering professional skills, but once they have mastered something, they have difficulty relearning it. They are retrogrades in terms of innovations in interoffice equipment. Having learned to type on a typewriter, the epileptoid resists switching to a computer. Having mastered some computer programs, he slowly moves on to other, more advanced programs. That is, it holds programs well,
but it can be said
that they also hold him back.
Adulthood
Even in adult, conscious age, personality type plays a huge role. The epileptoid species will strive for power and accumulation of material wealth. If his development proceeded normally, without serious shocks, then such a person can grow into a good policeman, military man or bureaucrat. The epileptoid will transfer his love of order to a new field of activity, enthusiastically starting to defend social norms and laws. It was people with this type of personality who created the police, the army and the mindless bureaucracy.
Of course, the life of a subordinate is unlikely to suit an epileptoid personality type. After all, ambition and thirst for power do not go away; circumstances simply force you to hide your true face and pretend to be an innocent lamb. And in pretense, epileptoids have no equal - they are capable of deceiving even the most attentive individual, lulling his vigilance with sweet speeches. But at the first opportunity to get his way, he will drop his mask, revealing a ferocious grin.
Attitude to money
The epileptoid type always strives for power over people, and money is its equivalent in modern society. Therefore, epileptoids have a very reverent attitude towards the despicable metal. For them, the process of accumulating and multiplying material wealth is natural and simple. This type of personality shows a willingness to work hard to achieve their goals. In a family, the epileptoid personality strives first of all to gain control over finances, often taking away wages from his significant other.
If an epileptoid has managed to accumulate good capital, then he will definitely turn into a miser. Like a dragon, he will sit on his riches, destroying anyone who dares to encroach on them. This often leads to loneliness, which does not frighten the epileptoid type at all. Psychology and psychoanalysis of the character of such people have revealed in them a remarkable sense of purpose, the ability to move forward no matter what. For the sake of future wealth, such a person is able to withstand any hardships and adversities, and show real miracles of endurance and perseverance.
Characteristic
Epileptoid is a personality type whose character exhibits behavioral and pathopsychological changes typical for patients with epilepsy. Often, such patients have a history of adverse effects during the perinatal and neonatal period, which subsequently manifests as mild neurological deficits.
Features of the epileptoid type are often caused by damage to the brain substance of an organic type, which affects the character and behavior of the individual; these minor pathological changes in the nervous tissue are compensatory in nature. Compared to the hysterical type, the epileptoid type is also susceptible to affective, violent reactions.
However, in the first case, attacks of passion are non-aggressive, non-hostile in nature. The structure of emotional manifestations is dominated by the following components: touchiness, tearfulness, egocentrism, the desire to attract the attention of others, and demonstrative ambition. The combination of hysterical and epileptoid character traits is accompanied by extreme cruelty.
Statistics show that a similar combination of psychotypes is often identified in criminals who have committed serious violent crimes with particular cruelty. Moreover, one of the goals of the crime was to satisfy the need for vivid, intense affective experiences. Epileptoid personality is the presence in the character structure of certain qualities characteristic of a given psychotype.
Calling technical support [humorous essay]
Technical support specialists must not only be highly qualified professionals in their field, but they must also have a remarkable amount of patience and the ability to psychologically maneuver. After all, every user is very different and you need to try to find your own approach to each one. This is what my small experimental sketch of a humorous nature will be about. And for the sake of color, as a big fan of allegorical images, I will replace the program theme with my favorite analogy - the car theme. History makes no claims to truthfulness, reality, or authenticity. Any similarities are random. And the moral... it is that you need to be prepared for any turn of events.
Education
Studying for an epileptoid is part of a career.
As a rule, he studies quite smoothly, without zigzags. Moves from class to class, from course to course, does not lag behind or get ahead, does not skip over the course. According to your abilities, of course. Grades: three-fours, fours-fives, fives. But a mixture of threes, fours, fives and... twos is extremely rare; This is probably not an epileptoid anymore. This is how paranoid, schizoid and hysterical people most likely learn. Although they may be more equal. Well, as we see, this is also a plus for the epileptoid. The epileptoid appreciates the investments made in him. You have to pay for your studies; whether the state, parents or he himself pays - he has to work it out.
Justice
The epileptoid may be somewhat smaller than the psychasthenoid, but still loves justice. AND
loves
to bring justice.
After all, justice is order. But the epileptoid is very straightforward in his search for justice, does not feel nuances (the psychasthenoid does). It is difficult for him to resolve contradictions, it is difficult for him to make compromises. Therefore, contradictions often develop into violent conflicts: the epileptoid tries to restrain himself, but this costs him a lot of work, especially if the issues are objectively sensitive. This can be dangerous.
■ From this point of view, sometimes a criminal should be shot on the spot if there were two witnesses. And he will think about the fact that witnesses can be fake only when it is suggested to him during the controversy. For murder, in his opinion, one should be executed. And the fact that a murder could be committed in response to another deliberate and unjustified murder does not immediately occur to him either.
Many epileptoids followed the Bolsheviks to implement the dictatorship of the proletariat, without thinking that other people should also have the right to vote. Epileptoids should not forget about this in their zeal for justice and conduct a deep moral and psychological analysis of their position.
Logic of behavior of a psychotype
Each psychotype behaves in a certain way. It is very difficult for him to behave differently; Great efforts are required to change behavior contrary to the logic of the psychotype. With regard to the epileptoid, we can say that the logic of his behavior
not even iron, but
steel.
Order in things means order in relationships. Since he has order in his relationships, it means that he must force others to follow it. If they don’t comply, they must be punished. The reader himself has probably already felt this rather strong connection. And we will not torment him with an analysis of each link of this iron chain; it is enough to state that it exists and that on its basis it is possible to predict the behavior of the epileptoid and correct it.
Features of the manifestation of pathology
An epileptoid psychopath reacts to stressful situations with outbursts of negative emotions that are incommensurate with the scale of the problem. If suddenly they are faced with condemnation or an attempt to prevent an emotional outburst, this provokes them to even more aggressive and threatening behavior. Often they quickly move away and regret what they did, but in a similar situation they again cannot control themselves and do the same.
Such people are constantly dissatisfied with something, they look for reasons to enter into conflict with their interlocutor. In an argument, psychopaths are very emotional, scream and stubbornly try to convince their interlocutor that they are right. Trying to defend justice, they often come to defend themselves, their rights and interests. This is why explosive psychopaths find it difficult to get along and adapt in groups.
Patients with impulsive personality disorder are prone to manifestations of vindictiveness, selfishness, domineering, excessive accuracy and pedantry. For all their aggression, they are often characterized by flattery, sweetness, and hypocrisy. Psychopaths either love or hate the people around them. But even those they love often suffer from manifestations of impulsive states. Many psychopaths of the epileptic type are susceptible to alcoholism, drug addiction and other addictions. Among them there are often murderers and sexual perverts.
In men and women
Female psychopaths are domineering, capricious and vindictive. They try to keep everything under their control. They often show hypocrisy and hypocrisy for their selfish personal goals. At the same time, pedantry and accuracy make them economical in everyday life.
Psychopathic men show great aggression and often try to achieve what they need by force and humiliation of their interlocutor. They tend to manipulate people and have problems in love relationships.
Treatment
Psychological treatments for personality disorders typically include cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoanalysis. Moreover, it can be carried out individually and in groups. In any case, the doctor must build a trusting relationship with the patient, and then understand the causes of impulsive disorder with subsequent help in correcting behavior.
Treatment is usually carried out with several groups of medications:
- Normotimics (mood stabilization),
- Neuroleptics (suppression of psychomotor agitation),
- Sedatives (reducing emotional stress),
- Antidepressants (to treat side effects such as distress).
Childhood
The excitable, or epileptoid, type of personality accentuation begins to manifest itself at an early age. Children with a predisposition to such behavior from an early age try to subjugate those around them to their will. They want to dictate the rules of the game to other children, oppressing and humiliating those who are weaker in every possible way. It’s the same with adults - as soon as they show weakness, an epileptoid child will immediately try to take over. Therefore, an easy conversation with him will not work, kindness has no value for people with such a character, they only understand the language of power. The epileptoid personality type will bow down to a strong person, snitch on him and inform on his peers.
Epileptoid children also have positive traits - they treat their things very carefully, protect them in every possible way and keep them in good condition. Such a child will never give up his own toys, but will gladly take away others’ ones. Relationships with animals among epileptoids have a pronounced sadistic bias - they constantly mock their pets. Therefore, the idea that an animal given to such a child can teach him to be kind and caring is fundamentally wrong. Most likely, such an interaction will only worsen the epileptoid nature.
If you are an epileptoid
The desire of the epileptoid to dot the i’s, detailed instructions and the requirement to repeat instructions, the demand for a report on what has been done, the desire to put the partner in an evaluation position, negative assessments, accusations using unpleasant epithets, edifyingness, authoritarianism, raised tone, harshness in the voice, ridicule with the use of borrowed cliches - all these conflict-generating features typical of an epileptoid make him a difficult person for many people, especially if this turns into epileptoid accentuation. And therefore, if you are an epileptoid, and next to you is a sensitive, hypothymic, schizoid, hysteroid - be careful. The first two can be broken, they will cry, and will not work well with constant nagging. The schizoid will lose his creative gift, and the hysteroid will react with hysterics.
■ The epileptoid should track in himself and record tendencies that are difficult for people, even if they seem appropriate to him, and slow them down. Of course, you won’t completely escape yourself, but you can significantly reduce the manifestation of these traits.
Every person is capable, if he wants, of “pushing” himself where he is difficult for others. Likewise, an epileptoid can realize his negative psychological qualities in the eyes of others, and above all in terms of psychotechnics of communication.
In order for inhibition to occur naturally on an unconscious level, thorough training is needed. Let us remind you: successes are directly proportional to the efforts spent on training.
We have now discussed the situation “if you are an epileptoid.”
Law-abiding
The epileptoid is law-abiding. He honors the letter of the law more than the spirit of the law. He is obedient himself and forces other people to be law-abiding. He especially likes the latter, because he is law-abiding not out of cowardice, like a sensitive, but out of respect for the law.
But close to the law lie generally accepted moral norms. He adheres to them and stigmatizes those who deviate from them. For comparison: the psychasthenoid also respects morality, but can condemn unjust laws. The epileptoid is inclined to respect unjust laws,
if these are laws.
Therefore, we can say that the epileptoid is more law-abiding than “morally obedient
”
And the psychasthenoid is more obedient to the norms of morality than to the norms of the law. In addition, one more important thing: the psychasthenoid is more picky with himself than with others, and the epileptoid will forgive himself some things in case of deviating from the law and morality, but will not forgive others the same.
Positive traits of an excitable personality
Despite the fact that the epileptoid type is included in psychological and mental disorders, it would be wrong and even stupid not to notice some positive properties in it. Eg:
- They are pedantic and force others to be just as punctual, no matter what. Agree, sometimes you really want to advise your friends or colleagues to start a watch or reconsider your own character so that you don’t have to wait for hours for them to appear at the appointed place?
- They are understandable in conversation. An epileptoid like no one else can put everything in its place. He does not tolerate vague phrases, omissions and riddles. For him, life is built according to a certain pattern - his pattern. That is why for such a person to lie is tantamount to committing suicide, because a lie completely destroys his principles and ideals, which he will never do, no matter what is at stake.
- They do not believe in high matters and esotericism. Another positive property of this type, because, you see, it is much easier to communicate with a person who perceives reality here and now, and not who is constantly in his own thoughts. This very often alarms and irritates melancholic and phlegmatic people, who, even at the moment of the most active conversation, can get distracted and go far into themselves, leaving the interlocutor not a single chance to “pull” themselves back. The epileptoid will calmly and with interest discuss real modern problems with you, help solve them and offer quite practical and smart advice.
Finally, I would like to remind you once again that epileptoid behavior is a deviation, but not a disease. It contains both the most positive and terrible features. Knowing the characteristics of such a person, you can always find a common language with him without harm to both of you.
Symptoms
There are character traits that define epileptoids, and in men and women with epileptoid psychopathy, these same traits seem to be excessively expressed, so that their behavior seems abnormal, out of the generally accepted framework.
Affective outbursts are one of the most characteristic signs. Attacks of anger appear, as it seems to others, out of the blue, but, in fact, epileptoids “save up” their emotions for a very long time and “explode” at a certain moment. Since most of the time such a person is in a state of dysphoria, it is almost impossible to guess when and what will trigger the next outbreak. In a fit of anger, people have poor control over their emotions, can behave aggressively and are not always able to stop in time. Dysphoria – decreased mood, melancholy, anger, increased sensitivity to minor irritations. Most of the time the epileptoid is in this state. He seems to be looking for (and finding) reasons to be offended, angry or upset. Viscosity of thinking and behavior - it is very difficult for an epileptoid to quickly change his behavior or way of thinking. They love order, tend to “put everything in order” and cannot quickly switch to another object or action. Cyclicality – changes in mood, periods of dysphoria and aggression constantly replace each other. With pathology, even a certain “regime” is possible, for example, in the morning the mood is normal, by lunchtime it worsens, and in the evening an explosion occurs. Touchiness, suspiciousness - such people take everything personally and notice every little thing if it has anything to do with them
Another side of such self-centeredness is the almost complete lack of empathy and lack of desire to pay attention to the feelings of others. Pedantry – a penchant for order and the desire to put everything in its place can turn into pedantry.
The disorder is currently classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as “disruptive, impulsive self-control disorder, and conduct disorder.” The disorder itself is characterized quite complexly and often exhibits comorbidity with other mood disorders, in particular bipolar disorder.
Patients diagnosed with explosive psychopathy show attacks that are brief (lasting less than an hour), characterized by various bodily symptoms - sweating, stuttering, chest tightness, twitching, palpitations. Aggressive actions are often accompanied by a feeling of relief, and in some cases pleasure, and ultimately by late repentance.
Many epileptoids cannot live in disorder, and order is considered to be the level that he has determined for himself. They always have a made bed, washed dishes, a basin and a bucket in the place chosen for this. It is quite difficult to tell something complex to an epileptoid; due to his viscous thinking, he will not be able to understand the details, which will lead him to another attack of rabies.
The state of dysphoria (sad, sometimes angry behavior combined with a difficult perception of fast events) is present in the life of a psychopath for quite a long time, sometimes up to a week; it happens that it is possible to get rid of such a mood by taking out anger on an object that comes to hand.
Affective aggressive outbursts are initially invisible, but the cause for an explosion can be an event that is invisible to an ordinary person. Sometimes aggression is provoked by drinking alcohol, which catalyzes all hidden resentments and anger. Epileptoids tend to enjoy life and satisfy their needs, so among this contingent there are many alcoholics, drug addicts, and gamblers who do not consider their vices something terrible and are not going to stop them.
Envious epileptoids hide this character trait. It is very difficult for their family members to exist next to them; epileptoids hold the palm of dominance in the relationship. If something gets out of their control, then another attack of rage with the use of physical force puts everything in its place. The characteristic features of an explosion of uncontrolled behavior are those that are noted when a person experiences an epileptic seizure.
In the sphere of work and business relationships, psychopaths do not stay in one place for long. This is explained by the fact that if it is difficult to get rid of such an inadequate epileptoid in the family, then in the field of work the employer or partner simply breaks off relations with him, not wanting to deal with an antisocial personality.
Clinical variants of psychopathy. Epileptoid psychopaths
A group of epileptoid psychopaths. P.B. Gannushkin considers the most typical manifestations of epileptoid psychopathy to be extreme irritability, sometimes reaching the point of rage; attacks of bad mood (with melancholy, fear and anger), moral defects or antisocial attitudes.
Usually these are very active, intensely active and unbridled passionate patients who know no limits either in insane courage, or in cruelty, or in the frenzy of love. Patients are also characterized by excessive selfishness, intolerance to the opinions of other people, and unwillingness to take anyone’s interests into account; authoritarianism reaching the level of despotism, suspicion and immeasurable demands on others.
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At the same time, epileptoids are one-sided people, lacking breadth of views and interests. Often one idea that blinds them gets stuck in their minds for a long time and seems to suppress all the others. For them, it is as if there are no other interests other than their own. Those around him, if they stand in his way, become the object of aggression and violent actions.
When intoxicated, epileptoid psychopaths easily become enraged and often have outbursts of pathological intoxication. Such epileptoids often cannot adapt to a law-abiding social environment; After a crime or series of crimes, they usually end up in prison. There, in the prison environment, they feel more comfortable: their cruelty, fearlessness, immorality and inexhaustible energy give them many advantages over other convicts. Sometimes, after being released, they commit crimes again, just to return to the prison environment, where they feel like fish out of water. Epileptoids of this type are often referred to as excitable or explosive psychopaths.
As an illustration, we present a short excerpt from F. M. Dostoevsky’s story “Notes from the House of the Dead.” “This Gazin was a terrible creature. He made a terrible, painful impression on everyone. It always seemed to me that nothing could be more ferocious, more monstrous than him. I saw the robber Kamenev, famous for his atrocities; I later saw Sokolov..., a terrible killer. But none of them made such a disgusting impression as Gazin. Sometimes it seemed to me that I saw in front of me a huge, gigantic spider, the size of a man. He was a Tatar; terribly strong, stronger than anyone in the prison; taller than average, Herculean build, with an ugly, disproportionately huge head; he walked with a stoop and looked from under his brows. In the prison there were strange rumors about him... They also told about him that he used to love to cut up little children, purely for pleasure; will take the baby somewhere convenient; first he will frighten him, torment him and, having already fully enjoyed the horror and awe of the poor little victim, he will kill her quietly, slowly, with pleasure. All this may have been made up... but all these inventions somehow suited him, suited him. Meanwhile, in prison he behaved, not drunk, ... very prudently. He was always quiet, ..., avoided quarrels, but as if out of contempt for others, as if considering himself superior to everyone else; spoke very little and was somehow deliberately uncommunicative. All his movements were slow, calm, self-confident. It was clear from his eyes that he was very intelligent and extremely cunning; but there was always something arrogantly mocking and cruel in his face and in his smile... once or twice a year he had to get drunk himself, and it was here that all the brutality of his nature was expressed. Gradually getting drunk, he first began to bully people with ridicule, the most evil, calculated and as if prepared long ago; finally, completely intoxicated, he would fly into a terrible rage, grab a knife and rush at people... he would rush at everyone he met. But they soon found a way to deal with it. About ten people from his barracks suddenly rushed at him all at once and began to beat him... they stopped only when he... became as if dead... This went on for several years.” The best example of an excitable epileptoid is, perhaps, Dmitry Karamazov by F.M. Dostoevsky.
Another variant of epileptoid psychopathy is impulsive psychopathy. Impulsive in the sense that we are talking about patients obsessed with one painful passion and capable of committing terrible acts one after another without hesitation. Psychopaths of this type often produce criminals of various types: murderers, rapists, etc.
An example of this type of psychopathy is “Katerina Lvovna Izmailova, who acted out a once terrible drama, after which our nobles, with someone’s easy word, began to call her Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk district” (N.S. Leskov). She, 24 years old, was married to a merchant, “not out of love or any attraction,” but she, a poor girl, resignedly submitted to this. After five years of boring life with her unkind husband K.L. She seduced the young clerk and soon lost her head from love for him. “She suddenly unfolded to the full breadth of her awakened nature and became so determined that it was impossible to calm her down.”
She soon poisoned her father-in-law, who found out about her shameful affair, with mushrooms. “Having dealt with this matter, K.L. she’s completely gone... she’s playing trump card, she’s in charge of everything around the house, but she still won’t let Sergei go.” She felt like she was in heaven, and from Sergei’s confessions she was “full of the highest delight.” His feigned indifference aroused jealousy in her and further inflamed her already irresistible passion: “It’s only husbands and wives,” K.L. continued, playing with his curls, “that’s how they kick dust from each other’s lips. Kiss me so much that from this apple tree that is above us, young blossoms will fall to the ground. “That’s it, that’s it,” whispered K.L., wrapping herself around her lover and kissing him with passion.” Then she added: “...so if you, Sergei, cheat on me, if you trade me for anyone, for anything else, I’m with you, my dear friend, forgive me, I won’t part with you alive.” Confused by “his desire to marry her, ...K.L. now she was ready for Sergei into fire, into water, into prison and to the cross... She was mad with her happiness; her blood was boiling.”
With her returning husband, who expressed his suspicions, she behaved defiantly, called Sergei, “passionately kissed” him and told her husband that she had figured out what to do with him. When the husband rushed to the open window, trying to escape, she rushed at him, grabbed him by the throat from behind and threw him to the floor. In the fight that ensued a little later, she hit her husband in the temple with a heavy candlestick, and then helped to strangle him. Then she busily eliminated the traces of the murder and said to Sergei: “Well, now you are a merchant.” Soon, however, the merchant's heir, a young nephew, appeared. He and his grandmother came to the estate, and Sergei gave K.L. understand that, poor thing, he doesn’t need her. K.L. I quickly found a solution.
In the evening, she suffocated the boy with a pillow, Sergei only helped her. A curious passer-by saw how it happened through the window. Soon K.L. and Sergei was taken into custody. The believer Sergei, frightened by the Last Judgment, repented, confessed to the crimes and named his accomplice. K.L. also confessed, but without remorse, indifferently. She added that she committed crimes for the sake of Sergei, apparently hoping that they would be sent to hard labor together. In the prison hospital, K.L., when they brought her baby, all she said was: “Well, he’s completely gone.” “Her love for her father, like the love of many too passionate women, did not transfer any part to the child,” explains N.S. Leskov. On the way to hard labor K.L. bribed the guards and, humiliating herself, asked Sergei for at least short minutes of intimacy. Sergei openly went to see other women. I especially hated K.L. Sergei's last mistress. She did not hide her triumph over K.L. and demonstrated her closeness with Sergei. Choking with hatred and jealousy, K.L. decided to take revenge on him. At the crossing, she jumped into the water and dragged her rival along with her. From the barge it was visible how K.L. in a rage she drowns her victim, and then drowns herself.
Ekaterina Izmailova, seized by a dark infernal passion, is contrasted by N.S. Leskov with Katerina in A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm.” Katerina's patronymic seems to emphasize the bestial nature of her nature. Izmailov’s surname testifies to the black, demonic origins of passion: “Ishmaelites” were previously called the eastern peoples of a different, alien faith.
Finally, the third variant of epileptoid psychopathy is formed by viscous, sticky, rigid and inert patients, who are also self-centered, stingy, petty picky, and intolerant of “disorder.” They are usually incapable of activities that require mental alertness, imagination, speed of reaction, willingness to take risks and openness to new things. Outwardly handsome, sugary, obsequious, pious and obsequious, they can be very vindictive people, gradually accumulating grievances to the point of hatred and desire for revenge. When the limit of their patience comes, they can suddenly or for some reason explode and, in a state of rage, lose self-control. This variant of epileptoid psychopathy was designated by Minkowska (1923, 1935) as glishroidia (similar to sticky, sweet).
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Commerce
What kind of epileptoids are businessmen? First of all, they are mostly honest, that is, you can rely on them, but you must keep in mind that under certain difficult circumstances they may stumble..
Of course, there are probably no absolutely honest people at all; even psychasthenoids can lie and then suffer from conscience. But still, with certain precautions that guarantee safety, it is preferable to deal with epileptoids* than with other psychotypes (the psychasthenoid as a businessman is not very active, hyperthym is fussy, but by and large a loser, loves risk and is often unscrupulous in business...) . The epileptoid does not like commercial risks, he risks ten percent of his capital, no more, does not enter into dubious transactions, makes inquiries, demands receipts.
■ One epileptoid lent me money and demanded a receipt. I asked him if he didn't trust me. I trust, of course, was the answer, but what if you die in a car accident, your relatives will give it up.
We were not close friends, I forgave him for his tactlessness, borrowed money and gave a receipt. When I repaid the debt to him, he himself gave me the receipt without any reminders.
The epileptoid is inclined to test this or that business first at a small turnover of capital, experiment and only then increase the turnover.
Description and characteristics of personality type
Epileptoids perfectly maintain the existing order of things, but at the same time they cannot create something new.
They follow memorized instructions and orders well, but become nervous and aggressive if any item in the routine changes.
Epileptoid people are extremely suspicious and will always pick up a random remark or word from their interlocutor, which they can latch on to and develop a theory.
The characteristics of an epileptoid are based on the weakness of its nervous system.
Even the smallest offense in such people remains in the memory for a long time, occupies thoughts and provokes uncontrollable anger.
Statistics
I have already said that I do not know of studies that would give the psycho-typical structure of humanity in percentage. Based on my intuitive impressions, I can say that 3-5% of people are paranoid, and among them about 0.5% are women. Epileptoids among men are approximately 50%. And among all epileptoids, 75% are men and 25% are women. But about 20% of women have epilepsy. These are my observations. Of course, you also need to keep in mind that many people have a mixed psychotype structure. How many are there? Don't know. Let's explore together. Although it is unlikely that anyone will need accurate information about this. Well, of course, if we assume that the planning and structuring of teams will someday be put on a strict scientific basis, perhaps this will be necessary. For now, we are only interested in entertaining psychology, let’s get by.
Personality changes in epilepsy
People suffering from this disease exhibit a so-called “epileptic character.” And if the pathology progresses , the features intensify.
People with this disease are susceptible to certain mental disorders (in particular psychosis). Changes occur due to the fact that convulsions and the resulting oxygen deprivation of the brain provoke disorders.
This is how individuals with epilepsy develop selfishness, and their range of hobbies narrows. The patient concentrates on his own health, basic and fleeting desires, and personal interests.
Thoughts about how comfortable others are are not of concern to the epileptic.
However, patients often try to hide their sincere indifference with feigned politeness, tenderness and sympathy.
A person becomes petty and pedantic , pays attention to little things, instructs others and “teaches life” to people even if the interlocutor does not ask for it.
Polarity of character in epileptics manifests itself in the form of regular and causeless mood swings. Thus, bouts of frankness and friendliness are replaced by pronounced aggression and bitterness.
A person with epilepsy, despite mood swings, is internally “stuck” on one emotion . He primarily focuses on grievances and is prone to vindictiveness against the backdrop of rancor.
Married life
Living together with an epileptoid does not bode well, regardless of gender. Most often, they look for a weak, inert partner. Then this partner gradually begins to turn into property. Jealousy is an ineradicable vice that permeates the entire personal life of this type. Any slightest reason for jealousy can infuriate an epileptoid, and this despite the fact that he himself can cheat without any twinge of conscience.
People are often attracted to this personality type by their unbridled, hypertrophied sexuality. It carries a tangible imprint of violence and allows you to bind your partner to you even more. Occasionally it happens that two epileptoids enter into a marriage. In this case, constant quarrels and attempts to find out who is boss in the house are inevitable. Such marriages rarely last.
Youth
The school years of this personality type are spent in particularly heated battles with everyone around. In schools, such children constantly fight and quarrel with peers and teachers. Their studies are also bad due to natural inhibition. An epileptoid personality type can graduate from school with normal results only with the help of parents.
Often such a teenager tries to surround himself with weaker, often younger children. From them he gathers a real flock, which unquestioningly obeys the leader. Most of all, epileptoid natures do not like it when someone tries to break out from under their influence. In this case, violence is almost inevitable. The rage of a person with an epileptoid character can be so great that he is capable of causing serious damage to his victim, unable to stop.
Commander - subordinate
Epileptoids are good bosses
and
obey well.
The early works of the famous and very talented psychologist Professor F.D. Gorbov say that the rower (the commander in a multi-oared boat) was always a good ordinary rower.
The epileptoid is often so limited by blinders that he himself may die rather than go beyond the circle allotted to him.
■ Zhukov could have moved the entire army against Stalin, but he was a marshal, not a politician, and Stalin put him in the background - to command the district, then the same thing happened with Zhukov and Khrushchev: he “put Nikita into orbit like a launch vehicle, and fell off "(an old joke), but he could have brought down Khrushchev.
Because of their devotion, epileptoids often find themselves in difficult moral situations. dependent on other people's views with a rod inserted into him,
the epileptoid becomes, having fallen into an unjust system,
an instrument of this system.
This was the case with German epileptoids, and this was the case with Soviet epileptoids.
It was their hands
that created Hitlerism and Stalinism.
The epileptoid is not only efficient in carrying out the line of his paranoid leader, the prophet, his party and its traditions. He imposes his views on others, forces them to carry out the programs of his party, its rituals, to honor its symbols, to profess principles that he considers moral, although other people may consider them, on the contrary, immoral.
He is a zealous servant and fighter. He cuts from the shoulder - and heads fly. He becomes a knight of the revolution. With weapons in hand and observing military discipline, he forcibly imposes an ideology, a political system, and a state structure.
This is not typical for schizoids, hyperthymics, and psychasthenoids. Hysteroids may align themselves with one or the other; the rods inserted into them are so flexible or so easily removed and replaced by others that they cannot be compared in this sense with epileptoids. Although at some particular moment they can be quite passionate speakers and beautifully brave warriors.
Who are epileptoids
Psychologists associate the name “epileptoid” with personality changes that occur in some people against the background of epilepsy (a pathological condition that is accompanied by convulsive epileptic seizures). However, epilepsy and epileptoidism have completely different roots. The first is a disease caused by injury, infection or intoxication of the brain. The second condition is considered a character trait (accentuation) and does not belong to the list of psychiatric diagnoses of the ICD. Nevertheless, this condition brings inconvenience to both the epileptoid himself and the people around him, and here’s why.
- According to Leonhard's typology, epileptoids are excitable individuals. This means that instincts, drives, fears and other thrills in such people prevail over prudence (judgment, understanding of the consequences of their actions).
- The inability to satisfy their desires, disruption of the usual order of things and any other discomfort cause anxiety, anger, and uncontrollable rage in epileptoids.
- Tolerance is absolutely alien to them. In the heat of anger, an epileptoid is capable of hitting a person (regardless of the latter’s gender or age) and even inflicting injuries incompatible with life.
- Repentance for what he has done is also not typical for this type of person. If, for example, an epileptoid is detained by the police for causing grievous bodily harm to another person, he will only regret that he was caught.
- In satisfying their instincts, epileptoids do not see boundaries, do not understand the importance of observing generally accepted laws, and do not see the need for respectful treatment of people. Guided solely by impulsive desires, they can steal something they need, beat up a person who bothers them, and even kill if they give in to their rage.
- Compassion is not characteristic of them either. Although they may love children and take care of them. They can help their neighbors do physically difficult work, but in most cases this is just a way to get rid of their overwhelming energy.
- In most cases, representatives of this psychotype find justification for their aggressive behavior by shifting the blame to others. However, there are cases where constant personal embitterment and aggressiveness force an epileptoid to seek the help of a psychologist.
Despite such a repulsive characteristic of the personality type, among epileptoids there are well-educated and quite successful people. Their intellect is somewhat ponderous and clumsy, but their pedantry and ability to quickly assimilate information give them the opportunity to study well at school and university, and engage in research activities.
Epileptoids can be scientists, teachers, musicians or lawyers, capable of building a career and becoming famous. As a rule, only those who are in close contact with them (household members, employees, subordinates) suffer from their character traits. Conflict often causes a change of job, so “flyers” among epileptoids are a very common phenomenon.
