Auditory, visual, kinesthetic and their perception of information

Do you know that by understanding your type of perception (who you are: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, digital) you can increase the quality and speed of your learning and be able to convey your thoughts to a person with high accuracy? How to determine the types of information perception and how to use this knowledge in communication and learning will be discussed in detail in this article.

A ten-year-old child who was considered completely incapable of learning was brought to a wise teacher. Parents complained that no matter how hard they tried, they could not teach their son the simplest arithmetic. No matter how hard they tried to fold sticks, apples, or point with their fingers, nothing came out. He couldn't learn to add and subtract. The teacher talked to the boy for a few minutes. Then he asked his parents to sit aside while he taught their boy to count. Then the teacher asked the boy to stand up and jump over the pebbles. At first the boy simply jumped over the stones. Then the teacher said: “Look, do one jump, then a second, and then jump twice more. How many times did you jump in total?” And suddenly the boy answered - 4. Then the boy jumped and counted even more, in one day he mastered arithmetic, which ordinary children master in six months. The parents sat with their mouths open.

Why was this possible? The teacher was wise. He understood that this boy needed to be taught a lesson in such a way that he would be able to perceive it . He didn’t just hear, but perceived it in the way that was most understandable to him.

Today we will talk about what types of perception there are, and how understanding the types of perception of information helps in relationships and learning. And also about how to determine your type of perception.

In the simplest approximation, there are four types of information perception: visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, digital.

Who are visuals?

Visual perception plays a big role in our lives.
It helps to understand the surrounding reality and interact with other people. It is so natural for a person to see the outside world that many people do not even think about the enormous importance of this channel of perception. Understanding how a visual person perceives information opens up great opportunities for closer interaction with customers. Psychologist Richard Gregory argues that human visual perception proceeds “from top to bottom,” that is, from the general to the specific. Visuals form their picture of perception, moving from large details to smaller elements. This allows them to make good guesses about what they see. In other words, every visual person in the store is making calculated guesses. If he liked the product at first sight, he will try to examine it in detail to make sure that his eyes did not deceive him and that the product corresponds to his expectations and level of past experience.

How it can be used

Working with visuals is very easy

It doesn’t matter what the business segment is - knowing how a visual person perceives reality will help present a product or service to him in the most favorable light. A beautifully designed showcase, correctly placed goods on the shelves, an elegant office interior - and the visuals are captivated. A beautiful picture means a lot to him

A beautiful picture means a lot to him.

But don't deceive visual learners. Even a small flaw will not go unnoticed. Any product for people with a visual type of perception must have a first-class design and impeccable appearance.

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How to make a good impression on a person? How to competently prevent conflicts and establish harmonious relationships? How to relieve psychological stress? The success of productive communication depends on the person, on his preparation and psychological qualities. A person’s first impression is formed through three channels: verbal (verbal), sound and visual. These channels have different efficiencies in their effects. Approximately 10% is verbal impact, determined by the meaning of the words that are spoken; 30% is the influence exerted by the timbre, melody and rhythm of the voice, and the remaining 60% is the influence exerted by visual components: gestures, movements, glances, clothing, facial expression, demeanor.

10% of the overall impression of the interlocutor is determined by WHAT he SAYS, 30% by HOW he SPEAKS, 60% by HOW he LOOKS.

The most significant factor for quickly establishing contact with a person is trust. Trust when communicating with another person arises for various reasons, and one of them is successful “adjustment” (attachment) to the internal state of the interlocutor. To create a trusting atmosphere throughout the entire communication process, it is necessary to speak with a person “in his language” and be able to effectively “mirror” his behavior. Let him know in non-verbal ways - “I am just like you. You can trust me!". How to create such an atmosphere if different people perceive reality differently, think and remember differently? Such differences correspond to four main types of perception - visual (visual), auditory (auditory), kinesthetic (motor) and digital (mental). This is determined by which of the sensory systems in a person is better developed: auditory, visual, kinesthetic or mental. A person unconsciously tries to use predominantly the system that is more developed for him. Each person, one way or another, uses all four sensory systems, but one of them necessarily dominates. Therefore, to establish trusting contact with a person, you need to use the same words, facial expressions, speech rate, breathing frequency that correspond to his type of perception. In order to determine the type of perception of the interlocutor, you need to listen carefully and observe the manner of his behavior. People of different types have their own specific characteristics in behavior, body type and movements, in speech, breathing, and their own style of clothing. So, who is your interlocutor - visual, auditory, kinesthetic or digital? How types of perception are determined There are special tests. Just out of curiosity, you can take one of these tests directly on the Internet. A lot of books have been published that talk about types of perception, among other things. As a rule, they contain simple tests that, with some degree of probability, determine which type of perception you are closer to. Psychologists work for people who have set themselves the goal of understanding their abilities and characteristics of perception. Tests for the type of perception conducted by a specialist are the most reliable and comprehensive. This leads to an absolutely logical question: “Why is this necessary?” Practical benefits of knowledge about your type of perception. In order to understand the usefulness of this knowledge, it is necessary to remember the characteristics of each type of perception and work with examples. To begin with, it must be said that pure types in terms of perception are extremely rare. It's about predisposition. Visual . These people perceive the world in most cases through their eyes. This absolutely does not mean that visual learners do not perceive sounds, smells and tactile sensations. For them, visual images carry more information and are better perceived. So, you have passed the test and determined that you are a visual person. What's next? Use this feature in self-development. Each of us learns something. The need to absorb new information arises every day. A person who mechanically performs actions that have already been learned and brought to automaticity begins to degrade. Children study at school. How to help a little visual learner? Learn to draw pictures while mastering the material. Visual images that are associated with certain information will remain with him forever. A visual adult must follow the instructions of his superiors; your career growth directly depends on this. Draw diagrams, this is the method that will help you understand how to most effectively complete the task. Visual learners have certain secrets in their facial expressions. When they try to remember something, their gaze is directed up and to the left. When their gaze is directed up and to the right, they draw images of the future, invent them. The first sign that there is a visual person in front of you in thought is a defocused gaze somewhere straight ahead and into the distance (usually in such cases they say that they are lost in thought). If you know for sure that the person opposite is more visual, it’s easy enough to catch him in a lie or lack of sincerity. At the same time, his eyes will answer for him. When the gaze is directed upward and to the right when answering a specific question, the person is insincere. He thinks about the future, imagines events that have not yet happened. But if he remembers what actually happened in the past, his gaze will be directed up and to the left. For visual people, the visible part of our world is important. When communicating with him, use descriptive words, especially those that he himself uses. Speak quickly, gesture, draw images with your hands, use all possible facial expression tools. The visual person gives priority to what he sees. He, first of all, pays attention to facial expression, and only then to intonation. Therefore, it is necessary that they look at him when he speaks, otherwise he feels that he is not being listened to. “Look at me when I talk!” he will say. Remember also that appearance is important for visual learners, since he evaluates the visual neatness of the interlocutor, his ability to look good and emphasize this with various things. Use these tips and then communication with a visual person will be simple and productive.

VISUAL perceives information best in the form of images. He seems to draw certain pictures in his head of what you are trying to convey to him. A person of a visual type easily understands when they communicate with concepts inherent in the visual type of thinking. These are words such as - see, watch, look, let's see, consider, pay attention and the like. He is close to diagrams, graphs, drawings and images. When telling something, such a person gestures, as if drawing imaginary objects in the air, and likes to use a sheet of paper and a pencil to illustrate his sentence. If your interlocutor often uses the phrases: “Imagine...”, “Look...”, “Notice, it looked like this...” “I see what you mean,” “I see,” “See what I mean.” ”, “Imagine that...”, and at the same time using all sorts of descriptive terms and words, know that you are talking to a visual person. Audial . These representatives of the human race perceive information better by ear. How to use it? Kids need to read aloud. Auditory students will learn better if the majority of information is presented orally rather than through printed text. How to work as an adult auditory learner? Discuss the tasks assigned to you with your superiors and colleagues. For you, a piece of paper with instructions is less effective than direct communication. In recent years, auditory learners have been given a wonderful gift - audio books. By the way, this is another way to determine your belonging to this type. Do you prefer this way of learning? Enjoy it for your health! They most often turn to describing the world around them through sounds. Their dominant sense is hearing, so they tend to have strong communication skills. Audience learners enjoy music; they have the radio, TV, or CDs playing all the time. They very rarely write anything down, relying on their memory. A person with an auditory type of perception constantly whispers something under his breath, mutters, and speaks out loud in order to better understand and remember. When talking, he rarely makes eye contact and most often turns his side (ear) to the interlocutor. In his speech he uses phrases such as: - “Listen to me”, “Why are you talking to me in that tone?”, “Sounds tempting”, “It sounded like this...”, “I’m asking myself”, “This tells me a lot.” " In other words, they refer to the tone, the sound and timbre of speech. If you want to understand how frank your audio interlocutor is with you, watch his eyes. He, like a visual artist, refers to the memories of the past and outlines the future. Only these memories are associated not with specific visual images, but with the sound perception of the world. He will begin to remember not the image, but the sound component of this image. “How did he say this....?”, “I remember it was said in the story”, “And his presentation was pleasant to listen to”, “What did he answer to this argument?” Thus, the eyes of the auditory dart left and right. If the gaze is directed to the left, this indicates that he is remembering the past, and if he is looking to the right, he is thinking about the future or about something that actually did not happen. When the auditory person directs his gaze down to the left, he thinks about what was said. In this case, it is better to remain silent and wait until he pays attention to you again, because he will not hear you anyway. So, an auditory person is a person who perceives the vast majority of information through sounds. Use auditory words that he likes when communicating with him. Pay attention to the timbre, intonation and speed of your speech. They don't really care what we say. But it is very important how we speak. For an auditory learner, the speech of the interlocutor will be perceived regardless of his facial expression. Simply hearing is enough for him to understand, and he stays focused on the content longer. For auditory learners, it is preferable to know the facts; they do not need a lot of details. They don't need a plan, a diagram, or a drawing.

FOR AUDIO LEARNERS IT IS PREFERABLE TO KNOW THE FACTS, THEY DON'T NEED A LOT OF DETAILS. Auditory learners are pleasantly surprised when their interlocutor has a bright and rich voice in his arsenal, which is similar to his own voice. Everything is important here - timbre, rhythm, speed of speech. The more similar you are to your auditory interlocutor in these parameters, the faster contact and trust will be established. Keep an eye on these characteristics of your voice and success in communicating with the auditory is guaranteed. Kinesthetic. These people perceive sensations, touches, and experiences more vividly. How to use this in everyday life? Perceive information emotionally and attach it to a specific feeling. You can explain your point of view to kinesthetics for a long time, giving logical arguments, but you will not achieve anything. He needs to touch, feel and pass information through emotions. This feature must be used. Are you a kinesthetic learner? Connect new knowledge with sensations that you can conjure up in your imagination. For these people, sensitive experience and emotional reinforcement are primarily important. They remember sensations, movements, smells well and are more oriented towards feelings. Therefore, when speaking, they use words associated with heat/cold, lightness/heaviness. From a person with a kinesthetic type of perception, you can hear: “I’m so excited that I have a heavy head and frost is creeping up my skin,” “I was so scared that I broke out in a cold sweat,” “It makes me tremble,” “It irritates me.” " A kinesthetic person communicates better and understands when you can touch or feel the physical proximity of the interlocutor. During a normal conversation, they approach almost point-blank and constantly touch their interlocutor. He finds it very difficult to stay still or listen attentively for long periods of time. Kinesthetic learners like to be close to people, touch them, put their hand on their shoulder. He quickly loses the thread of the conversation if he speaks too quickly. When remembering something, he looks down or straight ahead. Many kinesthetic learners, when speaking, twirl something in their hands, fiddle with it, or stroke it. Accordingly, in order for a kinesthetic learner to feel trust in you, use the same rule as when communicating with an auditory and visual learner. And the rule is very simple: try to use the words that your kinesthetic learner uses. Fill your speech with words that express feelings and emotions. It will take some time for the kinesthetic learner to feel what decision he will make. This is due to the fact that he must literally feel in his gut that at the moment he is doing and speaking correctly. So when communicating with him, consider his emotional needs. A kinesthetic person will definitely want to touch you. If you know that your interlocutor is a kinesthetic learner, allow him to do this (you won’t be bothered, but he will be pleased, and you’ll get into contact faster, if that’s what you need, of course). There is an opinion that kinesthetics are highly dependent on the temperature of the surrounding space and they will definitely feel uncomfortable if the room is too warm or cool. Speak to them in a language they understand and you will succeed. Discrete (Digital) . Information is perceived through numbers, logical comprehension, and clear arguments. This category is rare. Although, to be completely honest, in recent years psychologists have noticed that people of this type have begun to be born more often. What is this connected with? So far, experts do not have a clear answer. Tests determine disposition, but it is possible that these people represent a new stage in the evolution of humanity. How to live if you are discreet? Look for logic in all manifestations of the external world, build chains, draw diagrams. This will help you understand the deep essence of things that are incomprehensible and illogical at first glance. A person with a digital type of thinking is characterized by such qualities as rationality, a penchant for logic and analysis, and originality of thinking. Digital is guided only by facts and logical conclusions, so you need to behave with it accordingly - no speculation or unfounded hypotheses. Everything is in accordance with the rules, clear, clear and real. He is closer not to visual or auditory images, but to the language of numbers, signs and symbols. What he values most about the things around him is their functionality. Often digital people are closed from others and remain in a special world created by them, immersed in thinking about their thoughts and ideas. Such people lead a measured lifestyle, cannot stand haste and sudden movements, they like everything to be clear, logical, without unnecessary details. It is among the digitals that the greatest number of figures in scientific fields can be found. The digital type manifests itself in words associated with interests, concepts, and information. Their favorite words are: “interesting”, “I understand”, “therefore”, “I know”, “reasonably”, “logical”. It will be possible to find a common language with digital if your speech is logically structured and based on reliable facts, figures, and statistics. And digital will be interested in purchasing a product if you tell in detail about the full range of functional characteristics of the product. In conclusion, I would like to note that knowing the type of person you are communicating with allows you to “coordinate” your communication with him in order to act in unity. It will be easier for you to get in touch with him and find a common language. Of course, there are no people who perceive information only through images or sounds or touches. All four forms of perception are present to varying degrees in each of us. But not everyone knows how to transition and equally use these forms of perception. The best thing you can achieve by owning such information and applying it in practice is to become a generalist. Only in this case, coming into contact with any person will turn into a game and will cease to be a heavy burden. So, test yourself, friends. If you need to seriously understand your abilities and learn how to use them to maximum benefit, contact a psychologist. A lot of tests have been developed to determine the characteristics of perception; they will help you get to know yourself better.

Which type of perception is more developed in you?

This theory is based on the study of the influence of neurolinguistic programming on the human psyche. Each of us contacts the world around us in a special way and perceives it in our own way. A person reproduces and processes received signals depending on the senses he uses for this. This is related to the way of thinking, behavior, ability to learn and remember.

Your individuality is manifested in which of the methods of perception you use.

There are people who only have one channel that is really well developed, but more often two or more predominate. In addition, personality also depends on the hemispheric dominant. Some people have a more developed left hemisphere of the brain - such people use logic more often and strive for order.

On the other hand, those with a dominant right hemisphere approach everything creatively and are more inclined to innovation and flexibility. Neurolinguistic psychology explains how we see the outside world.

Do you want to know yourself better and determine your personality type depending on the way you perceive? We will tell you the difference between visual, kinesthetic and auditory learners.

Type of perception: visual

Are you one of those who require maximum silence when reading? This is very common among visual people: they need silence in order to fully concentrate. They may listen to music while driving, but when they need to find a specific street or be more alert to traffic, they turn down the volume or turn it off completely.

They are energetic and very, very observant people. They evaluate every aspect of a subject and do not miss the slightest detail. They find it easier to remember new things through pictures or by taking notes. They receive most of their information using vision. For relaxation, they often choose parks or forests. And silence.

Type of perception: auditory

Do you often raise your tone and express your thoughts loudly? This may seem like a strange habit to others, but it’s just a matter of the type of perception. In fact, there are a lot of people who verbalize their thoughts, talk to themselves and like to “talk it out”. If you are an auditory person, you also like to listen to other people and remember information better when heard than when written.

Auditory learners are expressive and very sociable by nature. They know how to express their ideas and listen to others. They are not disturbed by extraneous noise, they can carry on a conversation with loud music. Auditory learners are able to do several things at once, unlike visual learners who find it difficult to complete tasks if they are distracted by the external environment.

Type of perception: kinesthetic

Do you like touch? Are you good at cooking or doing things with your own hands? Work outdoors? Would you like to have a garden, grow flowers and take care of plants? Maybe you play sports? If you answered yes to most questions, you are a kinesthetic learner.

NLP (neurolinguistic programming) claims that despite the fact that kinesthetics are quite calm, they assign a large role to the emotional component, especially physical and tactile contact. This group includes people who are eager to try before getting information from someone. Notably, they express their thoughts and feelings through hugs, touches, and food. They don't pay as much attention to their surroundings as visual learners. Such people are usually more spontaneous and less focused and attentive.

In conclusion, let us add that it is possible that each type of perception manifests itself in you in different proportions. This is normal, but you can still find more common ground with a particular group. Visual learners, for example, are usually more relaxed than auditory and kinesthetic learners. The latter, in turn, are more active and excited.

Of course, each of us contains traits of all three types in one way or another, but NLP allows us to consider the prism through which we see the surrounding reality. And how a person perceives it is closely related to personality and character: one can be calmer or nervous, thoughtful or reckless, sociable or detached, an active participant or an outside observer. Our way of acting and expressing emotions depends on the senses and the joy of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and speaking...

How do you interact with the outside world? Who are you: visual, auditory or kinesthetic?

Who are you: rational or intuitive?

We will offer several ways for you to describe yourself. Who are you: rational or intuitive? What socionic type? Read more "

Features of each type of perception

Visuals

The peculiarity of this type of people is that they are receptive to what is visible. They appreciate beauty in the surrounding space and do not tolerate disorder or dirt well. In the life of a visual person there are many ideas, dreams, dreams. They are often generators of ideas, since they can create completely unusual associations and connections in their imagination.

Audial

They perceive the world around them, paying especially close attention to sounds. They love music, melodies, and can often hum to themselves and hum songs. Sensitive and receptive to conversations, auditory people have acute hearing and good memory, especially auditory memory. They often choose as their occupation everything related to music, melodies, and oratory.

Kinesthetic

Kinesthetics are very sensitive to everything that happens around them. Their bodily and emotional sensations are closely intertwined. They love bodily comfort, the convenience of the surrounding space. Uncomfortable clothing or a thread tickling their neck can irritate a kinaesthete student. They love deep personal discussions, communication with emotional exchange, discussion of how others feel. For the kinesthete, touch has the deepest meaning and great value.

Digital

People of this type of perception are rarer. They tend to perceive the world around them through inner speech, through dialogue with themselves. Such people are primarily focused on the perception of meaning, logic, and consistency. Digital people always strive to understand and comprehend the essence of what is happening. They may be sensitive and vulnerable, but the world is interesting to them from the point of view of understanding meaning and logic, patterns. In a stressful situation, it is digitals that best maintain composure and calm, and can maintain clarity of thought and perception of the surrounding space.

Strictly speaking, the distribution of people into visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, and digital types is very simplified. In fact, each of these types can be mixed, or maybe with a different leading hemispheric system, which increases the number of options. But we'll talk about this later.

It will also be useful: materials on how to quickly work with books, audio and video information

Of course, in each of us there is no pure one type of perception, sometimes they are mixed, sometimes the type of perception is different in a calm and emergency environment, in different situations. But understanding your leading system will allow you to better assimilate any information, understand your interlocutor and better convey your thoughts to him. Understanding your type of perception (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, digital) will allow you to understand how to study specifically for you, taking into account your individual characteristics.

Audials

For auditory learners, the perception of various sounds is primary. This group of people includes those who most accurately perceive information by ear and makes up about 60% of all humanity. They easily grasp the meaning of phrases and texts spoken out loud and without visual accompaniment. However, auditory learners have difficulty perceiving and remembering faces and objects, in contrast to the sounds and voices of people - it will be enough to hear a sound once and it will “settle” in the auditory learner’s memory for a long time. We can say that such individuals live in a world of melodies, rhythms and sounds.

Often, auditory learners are characterized by vivid and emotional speech. They incredibly “come to life” when talking, their speech is filled with many sounds in the form of exclamations, sometimes they almost turn to screaming. And all because the voice of a person of this type is, as a rule, very loud, ringing and melodic.

Under no circumstances should you interrupt the audio speaker’s monologue, otherwise he may become silent and no longer enter into conversation with the person who interrupted him. When entering into a dialogue with an interlocutor, auditory learners are at a close distance from him in order to accurately grasp the speaker’s intonation.

Often in their conversation they use words such as “quiet”, “sound”, “loud”, “shout”, “listen”, etc. It is also common for auditory learners to use phrases such as:

“listen to what I say”;
"I'm glad to hear you";
“This sound annoys me”;
“sounds tempting”;
“what does this mysterious tone mean”;
“your idea sounds great.”

Auditory learners enjoy listening to music and enjoy singing, even if they are just humming something out loud. Therefore, a person of this type chooses the profession of a composer, musician, psychologist or lecturer.

From the editor: How asymmetry of the lateral ventricles is manifested and treated

Even before entering into a conversation with an auditory person, you can recognize him by his external signs. For example, this person always sits straight, stretching his neck and slightly leaning his body forward - this is his perception; it is easier for him to grasp information through the sounds reaching him in the smallest detail. Audials have a well-developed chest, and their breathing is even and deep.

At first glance, it may seem that such a person is somewhat arrogant and stubborn, but in fact, auditory people are very good-natured, always open to conversation and able to empathize. They will not only tell you completely sincerely how they are doing, but they will also be happy to inquire about the life of their interlocutor and listen to his story. It is not typical for auditory learners to look into the eyes of their interlocutor, since for them this causes tension and often distracts from the idea that needs to be conveyed or from the perception of the other person. And, of course, auditory learners love with their ears.

Presentation of information

According to this parameter, information can be divided into the following types:

Text. It is represented in the form of all kinds of symbols, which, when combined with each other, make it possible to obtain words, phrases, sentences in any language.
Numeric. This is information represented by numbers and signs that express a certain mathematical operation.
Sound. This is directly oral speech, thanks to which information from one person is transmitted to another, and various audio recordings.
Graphic. It includes diagrams, graphs, drawings and other images.

Perception and presentation of information are inextricably linked. Each person tries to choose exactly the option for presenting data that will ensure the best understanding of it.

History of the study

Surprisingly, the study of proprioception began two hundred years ago. In 1826, neurologist Charles Bel wondered what other functions muscles had other than contracting at the command of motor neurons. He came to the conclusion that they also “tell” the brain about the position of the body and limbs, if there is no other way to know about it (for example, if you cannot see your hands).

In 1887, neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian proposed replacing the term "kinesthesia" with the general terms "muscle sense" and "pressure sense." According to Bastian, kinesthesia is the perception of body and limb movements in space, the degree of effort and weight applied.

Almost twenty years later, in 1906, neurophysiologist Charles Scott Sherrington separated the terms “proprioception,” “extreception,” and “interception.” Proprioception, he said, is the sensation of the body that comes from sensory receptors - proprioceptors located in the muscles, ligaments, and joints.

Interception and extroception give the brain information about internal organs and the external world, respectively.

Initially, scientists argued that the brain has an idea of the position of the limbs from the muscles. In the 20th century, they attributed this role to the joints, relying on studies of stretch receptors in the knee joints of cats. Today, the opinion has changed, and most neurologists believe that the principle of proprioception is based on muscle receptors.

[edit] History

The first thoughts about the peculiarities of perception are found in the works of ancient philosophers. Around the 6th century. BC e. thinkers began to notice differences in their students' perceptions and write down their observations. These differences were interpreted in different ways, but a start had been made. It should be noted that until the 18th century. a person was considered by scientists as a part of society, which is understandable and logical. The approach to the study of personality psychology and the development of a theory that began to allow for the principle of personal benefit in a person and the assessment of all phenomena based on their usefulness and acceptance by an individual, from the psychologists Bentham and Smith. This moment became a turning point and finally turned the views of scientists in the right direction.

In the 19th–20th centuries. The period of development of social psychology began. Researchers began conducting laboratory experiments for the first time. It was this period that gave a clear understanding of the differences in people's perceptions. Tests were created whose purpose was to determine the way a person perceives information. Now a whole science is studying these subtleties, which is called “Socionics”[3].

Characteristics of auditory people

You can identify a visual person by their characteristic facial expressions. It serves as its distinctive feature. Much is determined by a person’s gaze:

directed upward and to the left when trying to remember any information;
up and to the right when fantasizing;
straight and into the distance during mental activity.

These signs are typical for people with a predominant visual channel of worldview. By the look of a visual person, you can determine whether he is telling the truth or lying.

Visuals are characterized by the following features:

perception of information through images;
pronounced gestures;
using the words “see”, “notice”, “it seems to me”, “take a look”, “look” when speaking;
perception during the learning process only of visual information in the form of graphs, diagrams, drawings, photographs, experiments;
paying attention to the appearance of other people, their facial expressions, gestures, postures;
good imagination.

For a visual person, appearance is important. He is receptive to everything he sees. Such people appreciate the beauty of the world and its individual objects. They do not like dirt, sloppiness and disorder. If a child is a visual learner, then during the learning process he will better assimilate information presented to him in schematic and illustrated form.

Visualists prefer to keep their distance when talking to other people. A comfort zone is important to them. Moreover, the distance between them and their interlocutors should be at least one meter. The gaze of visuals wanders and is in search. To successfully complete their tasks, such people need clear diagrams, visual pictures and images.

For this type of perception, information received through the organs of hearing is of particular importance. An auditory learner can be called a person who better assimilates material read aloud

This is especially important for schoolchildren. Auditory children remember well only information that was presented to them orally by the teacher.

The following characteristics are characteristic of audio:

the use of “auditory” phrases in speech (“I heard”, “I can’t understand”, “tell me”, “I heard it”, “listen to me”);
good perception of music, conversations;
good hearing;
the need for complete silence when concentrating on something;
high demands on both one’s own and others’ speech;
great love for music;
sensitivity to conversations;
good auditory memory.

People of this type are considered good storytellers. They prefer to discuss any issue with others. This way they learn any material better. Auditory learners are more focused on communication than others. This is one of the most sociable types of people.

Auditory learners are worse than others at remembering people's faces and are not always well oriented in space. But they recognize a person by his voice better than others. You can identify such people by their gaze. For them it is usually directed either to the right or to the left.

Auditory learners are less prone to conflicts than others and more often prefer not to raise their voices. Their speech is usually even, and their speech is measured and calm. A common profession among auditory learners is musician. Given their sociability and ability to conduct a conversation, such people achieve success in work related to public speaking.

For the auditory, only a specific fact without unnecessary details matters. It is important for him to have contact with a person who has a pleasant timbre of voice for him. They pay less attention to people's appearance, being guided mainly by auditory sensations.

Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, digital in the learning process

If you study a lot, go to courses, trainings, read, then understanding your own type of perception will help you organize your own learning process with maximum benefit.

Visuals

The basis of their learning is visual information. For visual people, hearing and vision form a single whole, therefore, if such a person only heard the material (but did not see), then with a high degree of probability the information will be quickly forgotten. Visual learners instantly absorb all visual information, so it is most beneficial to use all methods and techniques for visually presenting the material:

mind maps
scheme
graphs
illustrations
photos
demonstration models
experiments, experiments

Visual learners learn best through visual examples, where they see the material they are learning in real time. Primary memory is visual. They remember well the location of objects, paths, roads, and are well oriented in space. Some noise is not critical for a visual learner; he can concentrate in an environment of some noise and successfully study the material.

Read the article - What are mind maps. How to make a mind map

Visual learners perceive text information well and are able to quickly learn speed reading.

Audial

Uses the auditory perception channel as a trigger. Inner speech is moderately developed. They perceive lectures, music, conversations, and dialogues well. They clearly and effectively maintain the line of conversation and conversation; often it is during the conversation that they grasp the meaning of the material being studied. Silence is necessary when concentrating. If you are an auditory learner, then be sure to listen to lecture material and audio courses. Learn together with others, discussing the topic being studied, thinking out loud about the problem.

Kinesthetic

Receives information through actions and movements. He remembers any actions and practical exercises well. He perceives all information best through practical exercises and experiments, where he tests the information received with his own hands in practice. Information of a practical nature is especially well perceived: what moves and how, where to click.

It is important for kinaesthetic learners to feel, touch, smell, taste and fully experience the subject being studied. People of this type are very active, love and enjoy working. And they don’t like inaction. It is for kinesthetic learners that the saying “Movement is life” has a special meaning. It is very difficult for kinaesthetic people to maintain focus, they are easily distracted, it is difficult for them to sit still for a long time, or to do routine work.

Digital

They are well trained in all sciences that have strict logic and consistency: mathematics, physics, mechanics, technology. Such people often work in areas where there is a lot of research, mathematical and static processing, and programming. The main thing for digital is to understand the logic and connections in the material, to organize what is being studied into a system with clear cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, during your studies, try to build the logic of the entire topic being studied. For this you can use:

scheme
mind maps
compressed plans
Personally compiled thesauri

Visuals

For this type, perception through the organs of vision is paramount. Such a person most fully assimilates information that is received visually, that is, through the eyes, about 20%. He perceives the world around him, for the most part, relying precisely on visual images. This is due to the fact that visual learners have the most developed visual memory. They, unlike auditory learners, during a conversation try to stay at a distance from the interlocutor in order to be able to examine his appearance, clothes, and facial features.

In addition, visual learners themselves are excellent storytellers, as they can easily retell an event they saw, a picture presented, etc.

Extraneous noise does not bother them at all; they easily concentrate their attention on a visual description of something: diagrams, pictures, tables, diagrams

In their speech, they often use the words “look”, “bright”, “clearly”, “see”, “look”, “I see”, as well as, for example, phrases such as:

"From my point of view";
"Without a shadow of a doubt";
“It’s standing before my eyes”;
"I think";
“Present yourself in a favorable light”;
“Describe the situation to me”;
"Vague Idea";
"Beautiful words".

If a visual person is among a large number of people, then he will try to take a place in the room from which he could see most of those present, because for such a person it is very important what the people around him and himself look like. They prefer to wear bright, eye-catching clothes, even if they are completely uncomfortable to wear.

For visual people, the interiors of the places where they like to be are of great importance, so they approach the arrangement of their home very seriously and with taste. This also applies to the appearance of the food that visual people eat.

Visuals have some peculiarities in their character: they are sharp and impetuous. When talking with an interlocutor, they try to catch all his movements, facial expressions, postures and gestures. In addition, they value their personal space very much, and if someone suddenly invades it, a person of the described type involuntarily crosses his arms and legs, as if closing himself off from everyone. Visual people do not like to be touched and do not tolerate hugs.

The posture also often reveals the personality of the type being described: they always stand and sit straight, but if they slouch, they raise their head up for ease of perception of information. Their shoulders are always straightened and their chest is open, breathing occurs with the upper part of it.

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The imagination of such people is very well developed, which gives them the ability to be creative. Among visual people there are many representatives of creative professions, such as artists and designers. At the same time, they are good at planning and competent systematization of activities: such a person will always clearly distribute tasks among employees, achieving high efficiency in their work. Having a pre-developed scheme or strategy makes it much easier for them to complete certain tasks.

They love visual people with their eyes.

Visual child

Visual learners instantly remember faces, but often forget first and last names. They easily find their way even to places they have only been to once. The speech of visual children is filled with the words “look”, “have you seen”, “beautiful”, “bright”, “red”, “green”... They think in images. In the process of thinking, pictures from the past, ideas about the future, images appear in their heads, and imaginary situations are played out. Little visual learners have a wild and lively imagination.

Children with visual perception do not like hugs and kisses, but they will willingly talk to you about adult topics. They usually look older than their age because they keep themselves aloof and a little arrogant. They love to lecture their elders and quote phrases “from TV,” which they adore. They sense your mood and desires by your facial expressions, but do not always let you understand this (of course, in their own interests). Visual learners have excellent visual memory and fine motor skills are well developed, but they have difficulty understanding verbal instructions and often repeat tasks. Quickly remembers color, shape, size. They find it easy to tell stories based on pictures. Their eyes are always searching for information.

Visual children begin to write in block letters early and can read quite fluently by the time they reach school. In raising a visual student, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of speech (he is taciturn), sociability (the ability to communicate), and physical coordination. Visual students remember the teacher’s explanations more easily if they are duplicated on the school board or on diagram posters: it is easier for them to see and visually remember the word than to understand the rule why they should write it that way. Visual aids, illustrations, the use of colored pencils: sketch, reproduce, highlight - all this contributes to better assimilation of the material.

Allow your child to use colored pens to highlight important points in the book. As visual learners, it is vital for them to have a draft in which they can draw and draw.

Kinesthetic world, I feel you

There are people who do not trust either words or visual images. Their knowledge of the world is based solely on their own tactile, sensory and olfactory sensations. Such people in psychology are called kinesthetics. They are the type who prefer to measure seven times before cutting. How to recognize a kinesthetic person:

in personal relationships, kinesthetics do not love with their ears, gifts are not important to them, but hugs are what will convince them of the sincerity of their feelings;
the highest degree of recognition and trust for such people is touch;
when making decisions, kinestechs are guided by the category “it seems to me”;
in evaluating objects and events, the recommendations of other people are alien to them, they do not believe advertising and do not listen to reviews - such people care about their own feelings;
to solve a problem, kinesthetic learners need to take it apart into its components, study each detail separately, and then put it back together into a single whole;
in everyday life they value comfort and do not attach importance to style and fashion trends;
when perceiving information, they are guided by the principle “you have to try”, so practice for them is above all;
Kinesthetic people are sensitive natures and easily enter into the position of another person.

There are much fewer kinesthetics in society than visual and auditory people. With their heightened degree of sensitivity, it is much more difficult for them to find their place in the world around them. From the motto: “I feel, therefore I exist.”

Kinesthetics in everyday life

Living with a kinesthetic person, you should understand the fact that this is not the kind of person who strives to maintain order in the house. There is no point in scolding him and arguing with him, since the kinesthetic person does not see any problem in the disorder.

He can work while standing, talk on the go, move sheets of paper or objects on the table, and this is his nature. If you sit a kinesthetic learner at a desk and don’t allow him to stand up when needed, his productivity will decrease.

The kinesthetic person is not always neatly dressed, but he wears things that are convenient and comfortable. Clothes for kinesthetic learners are chosen from high-quality material, low-wrinkle, and loose.

How else can you understand what type of perception prevails in a person?

Visual perception

Visual learners need vivid images and clarity, both in learning and in play. They are very fond of beauty, fine art, they are inspired by colorful paintings, elegant sculpture, the concept of “love at first sight” was definitely introduced by the visual! When choosing a clothing style, such a person will rely more on the effectiveness of his own image than on comfort.

These are dreamers, when thinking about something, such people usually look at the ceiling. Representatives of the visual type of perception will prefer books with illustrations, comics or movies to audio recordings. When this person listens, he always looks at the person’s face, at his facial expressions and gestures.

Auditory perception

Representatives of the auditory type of perception subtly sense intonation, rhythm, and various sounds of the surrounding world. Such a person can close his eyes, listening to something, recognize someone walking by the sound of footsteps, and quickly find the sources of subtle sounds. An auditory learner will prefer an audiobook or a radio play and will not avoid communicating on the phone. In complete silence or in a stressful situation, he can begin to hum a melody, voice a plan of action, and stimulate his auditory canal in every possible way.

On the other hand, such a person gets tired of constant noise and needs silence while studying or working. Such people are more likely than others to notice the peculiarities of the speech of others and control their own voice well. These are talented musicians, announcers, and audio transcribers.

Kinesthetic (tactile) perception

A kinesthetic person loves to move, receive information from touch, such a person tries everything on himself. These are active people who often choose sports, extreme sports, cooking or applied arts as a profession or hobby.

A classic kinesthetic learner will talk about dynamics, victories, achievements; it is important for him to conquer this world. Looking at people, they notice their gait, posture, and athletic training.

They often offer active recreation to their friends. To remember information, they need to try to do something on their own, as in the example, write it down with their own hand, try on an outfit to imagine if it fits. When thinking, these people often look down and to the side.

How to determine the types of information perception? Test to determine the type of perception

There are several ways to determine your type of perception and find out who you are: auditory, visual, kinesthetic, digital. Let's look at a few.

1. Self-observation. Look, what do you use most often during mental activity? How are your thoughts organized? Vivid pictures and images (visual), sensations (kinesthete), sounds and intonations (auditory), inner speech, logical connections, meanings (digital).

2. Below is a small list of words . After reading, try to understand what was the first thing that came to your mind, with what element did the idea begin? And what happened later?

Soft touch velvet
Musician playing violin
Medicine
Airplane taking off

If the first thing your idea started with is a picture, an image, then most likely you are a visual person. If the image began with sounds, and only then pictures were presented, then you are an auditory learner. If you needed to physically imagine how objects are located or you quickly developed bodily sensations - kinesthetic, and if you needed to say a word to make it appear - digital.

3. Take a short psychological test using the method “Diagnostics of the dominant perceptual modality by S. Efremtsev“

You can download it directly and, by answering the questions, determine your type of perception. Verification test: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, digital

4. Observe yourself and note what type of short-term memory is most developed for you? What do you grasp quickly and easily: pictures, sounds, sensations, logical connections? What is easier for you to remember?

5. People of each type of perception use in their speech certain phrases and expressions that are characteristic specifically of their leading, triggering system. However, I do not recommend relying on this particular test to determine what type you are. It can give an error in a number of cases when a person has trained himself to communicate in a certain way, use this method only as a complement to the above methods.

How can you determine who you are: visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, digital by speech?

Carefully monitor your speech and write down exactly the phrases that you use to indicate your opinion and your actions. Most often, a person of a particular type of perception uses phrases characteristic of this modality.

Visual

Uses words and phrases related to visual actions : I didn't see, I saw, I noticed, I think it was colorful and great, it looks, focus is concentrated, contrast, perspective, you see.

Audial

They often use phrases with auditory phrases : I can’t understand what you’re saying; didn't hear; I heard it; I recently heard; glad to hear from you; I heard it; the idea sounds tempting.

Kinesthetic

This type of perception is characterized by phrases that show their emotional and bodily responses: I can’t stand it; it's disgusting; it is so sweet; goosebumps; so pleasantly warm; it was a powerful experience. Often their nonverbal signs are very indicative; facial expressions and gestures are telling and reflect the state and emotions of a person, even if there are not many nonverbal signs themselves.

Digital

Digitals pay attention to logic and connections. A specific set of words is not typical for them: phrases of auditory and kinesthetic types may appear. Digital people often ask: what is the point of this; I don’t understand how this is connected; I would like to bring everything into a system; we need to streamline this somehow. However, such expressions are typical of most types with a good sense of organization. Therefore, identifying digital from speech must be done with great care.

Each type has its own characteristics that affect its perception of surrounding information, any educational processes, and interaction with other people. Let us analyze the characteristics of people of different types of perception.

Characteristics of digitals

There are relatively few people who can with a high degree of confidence be classified as true digitalists.

Digital people are distinguished by their desire for systematization; it is important for them to understand what advantages and disadvantages a product or advertised service has. A person with a digital type of perception is extremely logical; for him, functionality is more important than design. In trade and business, pure digitals are almost never found

It is not surprising that people with this type of perception began to be talked about only with the advent of computers and the Internet.

In trade and business, pure digitals are almost never found. It is not surprising that people with this type of perception began to be talked about only with the advent of computers and the Internet.

Online, digital feels like a duck to water. Here there is everything he needs - structured information, comparative characteristics, the opportunity to freely choose.

How it can be used

You can only reach the digital with the help of logic. People with this type of thinking instantly recognize any manipulation.

Therefore, when communicating with digital consumers, you need to draw their attention to such aspects of the product as favorable price, functionality, outstanding characteristics, etc. The more reasonable and well-founded arguments a seller or entrepreneur gives, the higher the chances that digital will turn into a buyer or client

Audials

There are many music fans among audio audiences

These kids love to listen. There are many music fans among audiophiles; they prefer audio books. If you see that during a lesson a child repeats after you, pronounces a new rule, or mumbles, it means that you have a typical auditory learner.

Auditory learners are easy to recognize by their speech: they speak measuredly, rhythmically, often nodding in time with the tempo of their speech. If such a child retells the content of a film or book, get ready to listen to all the details with a verbatim reproduction of the characters’ lines. This flow cannot be stopped with the words: “Everything is clear, move on!” If you interrupt the auditory speaker, he will lose the thread of the conversation.

The ratio of visual, digital, auditory and kinesthetic learners

There have been no statistical studies to identify the predominant type of perception. However, it can be assumed that most people are visual learners. This assumption is supported from a physiological point of view: approximately 30 neurons in the brain and approximately half of its cortex are involved in processing information that comes through vision. To process information from other analytical systems, the brain allocates much less cortex and neurons. The discrete type of perception is the rarest.

Interesting. The division of people into auditory, visual, kinesthetic and digital learners is very arbitrary. Under different conditions, a person may experience a change in perceptual dominance.

However, knowing the characteristics of your type of perception allows you to more effectively organize the process of personal self-development and reduce the time for memorizing the necessary information. In addition, if a person has a general understanding of the types of perception, it is likely that it will be easier for him to build relationships with people around him.

Perceive the world differently

Auditory learners - perceive the world through sounds

To understand who auditory learners are, it is necessary to imagine the importance of verbal information for them. This child begins to speak early and perfectly perceives what is said through words.

He needs to communicate with his interlocutors, but even when alone with himself, he recites the information he has received.

Music is no less important for this representative. Immersion in the world of sounds can harmonize the inner world of such a representative

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These children often make singers and musicians.

Rules for raising auditory children

In order for your auditory child to master new knowledge, take time to listen to information. The material is consolidated after a conversation about what has been learned, during which the child will express an opinion and overcome feelings of uncertainty and constraint.

Audio materials help in studying as they help convert short-term memory into long-term memory. In communication and conversation with other people, the child gains confidence in his own abilities.

Visual learners – perceive the world visually

Who is a visual person can be recognized by observing a child. The leading way of obtaining information for him will be visual materials. Only what you see with your own eyes will remain in your memory for a long time. A text read is remembered much better than a text heard. Such children are often keen on reading and create vivid images in their imagination.

Rules for raising visual children

The education of a child who corresponds to the characteristics of a visual person is based on the constant processing of visual information. Looking at pictures, illustrations, and cards helps the child remember new information well.

It is extremely important for a visual artist to have an ideal appearance. Therefore, such a baby will not wear unattractive or worn-out clothes.

A visual person looks into the eyes of the interlocutor during a conversation. The gaze maintains close contact and promotes mutual understanding. A child of this type is easily distracted, since the nervous system is overly mobile.

How to work with auditory learners

The way to the heart of an auditory child is through sounds. Do you want to distract him from trifles and extraneous matters? Play an unfamiliar melody (he will start singing along with the familiar one). These children better perceive information that comes against the background of musical accompaniment. You won’t understand how you can do your homework to the roar of rock music or Timati’s recitative. And for the auditory, music overshadows all extraneous sounds and allows you to focus on the main thing. But there are also auditory learners who can only work in silence, and any sounds will greatly distract them.

You can play music during lessons for auditory learners. A new topic can be told with musical accompaniment.

For better memorization, the auditory learner needs to speak the information received. If there are more children in your class with an auditory perception of the world around them, take note of teaching techniques from elementary school: repeating out loud with the whole class, in rows, in turns, individually.

Auditory learners can be encouraged to use audio books and audio courses. This will allow you to work more efficiently.

Visuals

Visual learners are children who perceive the world through their eyes.

Their speech often contains figurative expressions related to vision: look, see, bright, colorful, names of colors, apparently

Visual learners are very attentive to others, they will be the first to determine what has changed in the room or in the picture, and the first to pay attention to the new things of their classmates. They think in images, so they often have artistic talent, they draw, sculpt, and design well. According to psychologists, about 60% of children have developed visual memory.

So it’s no wonder if the majority of the class turns out to be visual learners.

According to psychologists, about 60% of children have developed visual memory. So it’s no wonder if the majority of the class turns out to be visual learners.

Why do you need to know the basic representational system?

The representative system occupies an important place in personality characteristics. Knowing your leading channel of perception, you can learn faster and more effectively, choose suitable professions and hobbies, and use your strengths for self-realization. For example, visual people become good architects, designers and filmmakers, digital people become excellent analysts and managers, and so on.

But it is important to know not only your own representative system, but also to understand the leading channel of perception of loved ones, children, colleagues, business partners. This will help build effective communication and “speak the same language.” The importance of representative systems in psychology is revealed in more detail in the training program “Psychological Consulting and Coaching”.

Signs of perception

Perception is a cognitive process in psychology, the result of which is the formation of a subjective picture of the world through the direct impact of an object or phenomenon on the human senses.

The completed image of an object in the human mind is formed as a result of the combined work of various analyzers. Thus, through vision one can draw a conclusion about the color of an object, and through tactile palpation one can obtain information about its texture. If you take an object in your hands, you can feel its weight, with the help of smell you can feel its smell, and through the receptors on the tongue you can determine the taste. It turns out that in the process of getting to know a subject, cognition and perception merge together.

Important! Perception is always subjective. Individual characteristics of the work of analyzers and a person’s life experience explain the fact that the finished image of an object perceived by different people may differ

The process of perception is inextricably linked with thinking, attention, memory, speech, and the emotional-volitional sphere

What is information?

The concept of “information” has an abstract meaning and its definition largely depends on the context. Translated from Latin, this word means “clarification”, “presentation”, “familiarization”. Most often, the term “information” refers to new facts that are perceived and understood by a person, and also found useful. In the process of processing this information received for the first time, people gain certain knowledge.