Headache for a week: causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment

Causes of long-term headaches

Soreness is a natural reaction of the body to inflammatory processes, insufficient blood supply, spasms and other factors. The headache is called cephalgia. It can have different origins, and therefore requires an individual approach during treatment. Thus, there are several types of long-term cephalalgia:

vascular – occurs as a result of acute and chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as when blood pressure regulation is disturbed;
nervous – caused by stress, lack of rest, intense exercise;
infectious – provoked by poisoning with various substances;
tension pain – associated with spasms of muscles and blood vessels.

The exact cause of the headache is determined based on the results of a complete examination. At home, it is impossible to carry out an informative diagnosis, as well as to select an effective treatment.

Tension headaches

The causes of cephalalgia can be different, but the most common of them is tension headache. They are associated with spasms of muscles and blood vessels in the neck and head. The reasons include staying in an uncomfortable position for a long time with your head fixed, or working at a monitor without breaks. Pain can also be triggered by constant nervous tension, stress, and abnormal physical activity. As a result of these factors, tension and spasm of the neck muscles occur, which compress the blood vessels and nerves. This leads to several symptoms:

severe headache - it spreads over the entire surface of the head and is of a compressive nature;
dizziness, general weakness;
constant drowsiness, decreased concentration.

If a person has a headache for several days, a week or more, it is worth reconsidering the work and rest regime. Symptoms often go away if you avoid stress and ensure proper sleep. During sedentary work, be sure to take short breaks for neck exercises and general warm-up.

Migraine

Common causes of long-term cephalalgia include migraines. This is a chronic disease that is often hereditary. Doctors name several conditions for its development. The pain is caused by vascular spasms, as a result of which the brain receives insufficient oxygen. It can also occur with increased sensitivity of brain cells. They react to external stimuli, while affecting pain centers.

Migraine often manifests itself as a severe, throbbing headache that covers one side of the head. Shortly before the attack begins, a “migraine aura” may occur. This is a characteristic set of symptoms that indicate the imminent onset of the acute phase:

nausea, dizziness, general weakness;
the appearance of dark spots and circles before the eyes (visual hallucinations);
tinnitus, hearing loss;
increased heart rate, increased sweating.

A migraine attack lasts from 3–4 hours to several days and weeks. Symptoms are individual for each person. Thus, an aura appears in only a fifth of patients, and a headache will not necessarily affect only half of the head. If the disease worsens frequently, the doctor will prescribe special medications against migraines - cephalgia does not go away after taking conventional painkillers. It is also useful to maintain a sleep schedule, include large amounts in the diet, and avoid stress and sudden changes in climatic conditions.

Poisoning

Intoxication causes headaches as often as other causes. There are several types of poisoning, depending on the substance that provoked it. Thus, food intoxication can be caused by low-quality food or substances that are not suitable for ingestion. Poisoning by heavy metals, medications, alcohol, and volatile poisons is also distinguished. Toxins can enter the human body through bites of animals, snakes and insects due to helminth infestation.

Cephalgia is not the only sign of poisoning, but may precede the development of the full picture. You should immediately consult a doctor if the following symptoms occur after contact with hazardous substances, consumption of low-quality products, animal or insect bites:

dizziness, nausea and vomiting;
disruption of the digestive system;
severe abdominal pain;
increased body temperature;
other specific signs.

Treatment for poisoning must begin as quickly as possible. It is important to tell your doctor about all foods you have eaten and other substances you have come into contact with today or recently. For some types of poisoning, there are antidotes - they must be taken as quickly as possible to neutralize the effect of the toxins. In other cases, various detoxification methods are prescribed, including drip administration of electrolyte solutions, gastric lavage and others. Treatment takes place at home or in a hospital, depending on the degree of poisoning.

Injuries and their consequences

Cephalgia is one of the first manifestations of traumatic brain injury. Even in everyday life, you can get a severe bruise or concussion, but more often they happen due to falls and accidents. These injuries are dangerous because they affect the condition of brain structures and can cause long-term complications. Immediately at the time of injury, as well as several hours after it, characteristic symptoms appear:

acute pain, which can be localized in a specific area or affect the entire surface of the head;
dizziness, nausea and vomiting;
deterioration of hearing and vision, the appearance of dark spots and circles before the eyes;
loss of consciousness is a sign that you need to urgently seek medical help.

After a traumatic brain injury, a headache can bother a person constantly or manifest itself in short attacks. In many patients, it worsens in response to changing weather conditions, stress, physical activity and other factors. The pain goes away on its own after rest, and also responds to painkillers.

Increased intracranial pressure

Intracranial hypertension is a common disorder. This is a complex indicator that cannot be measured at home, and the diagnosis is often made based on the clinical picture and indirect examinations. Intracranial pressure includes the pressure of blood in the cerebral vessels, the fluid of the cerebral ventricles and the brain tissue itself. The disease is often congenital, but can occur at any age due to injuries and chronic vascular pathologies. It causes characteristic symptoms:

prolonged headaches that are concentrated in the temples or spread to the entire surface of the head;
sensation of pulsation inside the skull;
deterioration of hearing and vision;
general weakness.

With intracranial hypertension, the patient often has a headache. The disease is chronic and manifests itself in attacks. They can be triggered by an increase in atmospheric pressure or other changes in weather conditions. The treatment is comprehensive, aimed at reducing pain and removing excess fluid. The regimen includes painkillers, diuretics (diuretics) and medications to improve blood flow to the brain.

Diseases of the cervical spine

If you often have a headache, this may also indicate diseases of the spine. The vertebral artery passes here - its path lies through the openings on the processes of the vertebrae, so it is normally protected from damage by bone tissue. However, with some disorders, the vertebrae change their correct position and compress an important vessel that carries blood to the brain. At the same time, irritation of the spinal nerve roots occurs, which provokes an exacerbation of the pain syndrome.

There are several diseases that are often detected when diagnosing long-term cephalalgia:

osteochondrosis is a chronic disorder in which there is a decrease in the cartilage layer between adjacent vertebrae, pathological growth of the articular surfaces of bones and the formation of osteophytes (bone growths);
protrusion and hernia - protrusion of an intervertebral disc of different sizes, which leads to compression of blood vessels and nerves, chronic pain in the neck and head;
spondylosis is a pathological condition in which fusion and immobility of adjacent segments of the cervical spine are observed;
curvature of the neck - scoliosis and kyphosis also cause chronic cephalgia.

In advanced stages of spinal diseases, as well as in cases of progressive congenital anomalies, surgical treatment is recommended. Headaches go away if you eliminate their main cause - compression of nerves and blood vessels. In the initial stages, the doctor prescribes painkillers, medications for blood supply and nutrition of the intervertebral discs. At home, you need to do neck exercises; it is also useful to go swimming and carry light loads in the fresh air.

Vascular diseases

Chronic vascular diseases are one of the reasons why your head may hurt for several days or weeks in a row. They lead to deterioration of blood supply to brain tissue, prolonged ischemia and lack of nutrients for the functioning of brain structures. During the diagnostic process, several common diseases are discovered that can cause headaches.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic metabolic disorder in which there is an increase in the level of various fractions of lipoproteins and cholesterol in the blood. These substances accumulate on the inner wall of blood vessels and form plaques over time. With atherosclerosis, it is important to pay attention to any changes in well-being and consult a doctor at the first sign of a headache.
Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure. The disease manifests itself as attacks of headache, which is accompanied by nausea, general weakness, and dizziness. Typical signs also include redness of the skin and mucous membranes.
Hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure. This condition is no less dangerous, as it can provoke an ischemic stroke. During an attack, a pressing pain in the head begins, tinnitus and dizziness, rapid heartbeat, paleness of the skin and mucous membranes.

If you suspect vascular disease, it is important to undergo an examination and take into account all the recommendations of doctors. A special diet with a low content of animal fats, moderate exercise, and medications to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and stabilize blood pressure are recommended. In advanced cases and without treatment, there is a high probability of ischemia (oxygen starvation) of brain cells, which leads to an increased risk of stroke.

Other reasons

Headache is not an independent disease, but one of the symptoms of a number of disorders. It should not be ignored, especially if it does not go away for a long time. It can occur against a background of stress and fatigue, intense mental and physical stress without sufficient rest. However, more dangerous conditions may also be detected:

neoplasms – chronic pain is one of the first signs;
meningitis, encephalitis - infectious diseases of the brain and its membranes;
sinusitis - purulent inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which can manifest itself as a complication of colds and acute respiratory viral infections;
parasitic infestations – headaches occur due to intoxication with toxic waste products of helminths.

If the headache is long-lasting and bothers a person for a week or two weeks in a row, you should not try to find a treatment on your own. In the event of a severe attack, doctors recommend seeking help within two hours. It is this period that is most important for providing first aid if a person has a stroke.

What can hurt after filling?

The pain associated with the installation of a filling directly depends on the structure of the tooth. It consists of a crown, neck and root. On top, all these structures are covered with hard dental tissues that do not have nerve endings. In the crown area it is dentin and enamel, in the root area it is cement. Inside, under the hard covering in the crown area, there is a dental cavity filled with pulp - a pulp that has many nerve endings and blood vessels. The cavity is connected to root canals, also filled with pulp. In the area of the apex (apex), the root is connected to the bone tissue of the jaw using a ligament - the periodontal ligament, which has excellent innervation.

Conclusion: a tooth can only hurt if the pulp and periodontium are diseased or injured during filling.

Canal cleaning and filling

The most common cause is caries - a pathological process accompanied by the destruction of hard dental tissues. This opens access to the dental cavity, root canals and periodontal tissue, inflammation or irritation of which causes severe pain.

Preparing a tooth for filling

Filling is a method of treating caries, but this process itself can cause mechanical irritation of soft tissues, accompanied by pain. Minor pain may be normal, but sometimes you cannot do without the help of a specialist.

In the superficial and middle stages of caries, the affected hard tissues are removed and a filling is placed on top, restoring the shape of the tooth. The dental cavity remains closed. This treatment is absolutely painless and does not require anesthesia. An even more effective way is to have your teeth professionally cleaned to remove plaque and tartar. Regular implementation of this procedure prevents the development of caries and allows you to keep all your teeth healthy for a long time.

Tooth preparation and depulpation

With deep caries, a hole forms in the hard tissues and an infection enters the dental cavity, causing intense pain. In such cases, before filling, preparation is carried out to remove damaged hard tissues and expand the cavity. If necessary, the old filling is also removed. Then the pulp is removed (depulping).

This is a painful procedure, but modern local anesthetics used in dentistry allow the patient to experience no pain at all. If deep caries has developed not so long ago, and the periodontal tissues are healthy, then it is possible to remove only the pulp from the dental cavity (amputation), after which a therapeutic lining is applied and a temporary filling is installed. If there is no pain, a permanent filling is placed after a few days.

In case of long-standing caries, the pulp is first completely removed from the dental cavity, and then from the root canals (extirpation). At the same time, the cost of filling increases.

It is very important to carefully remove the pulp (patients often call it the nerve) from the canal, making sure that no particles of destroyed hard tooth tissue remain in it. All this can support a long-term inflammatory process.

If a tooth hurts after canal filling, the infection can gradually reach the root apex, causing an inflammatory process in the periodontium, accompanied by fever and pain.

Diagnostic methods

If a person has had a headache for a week, it is important to determine why the symptom is occurring. To do this, the doctor prescribes a set of examinations, depending on the results of the examination. These include:

EEG (electroencephalography) – examination of the brain, which will identify various diseases;
MRI is a modern, informative technique, prescribed for suspected tumors, cerebrovascular accident, stroke;
Ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and head with the addition of a contrast agent (Dopplerography) - allows you to determine areas where blood circulation is impaired;
laboratory blood tests are prescribed to determine inflammatory processes, the concentration of cholesterol and other substances, and disruption of the functioning of individual organs and systems.

Determining the cause of the headache is the first stage of successful treatment. The Clinical Brain Institute has high-quality equipment that allows you to visualize the full picture of the disease. All examinations can be completed in our center, including complex modern techniques.

Headache treatment

Treatment for a person who has had a headache for a week or more can only be determined by a doctor. Rest, a cold compress on the forehead, and a light massage of the neck and head are recommended as first aid. If the pain is severe, you can take painkillers from your home medicine cabinet. The doctor will prescribe a comprehensive treatment based on the diagnostic results, which may include the following steps:

drug therapy - taking analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, drugs to improve nutrition and blood supply to brain cells, intervertebral cartilage;
surgical treatment – surgery is necessary for neoplasms and advanced diseases of the cervical spine;
additional techniques that include physiotherapy, gymnastics and therapeutic massage, swimming.

A short-term headache after a hard day at work indicates that you need to normalize your work and rest schedule. However, if it does not go away either today or on the second and third days, it is important to consult a doctor. There is a high probability of detecting chronic diseases, which can progress as they progress.

Changes in progesterone levels during IVF

Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that affects the menstrual cycle, gestation and embryonic development of the fetus. The degree of preparedness of the endometrium for the implantation of blastocysts depends on its content in the body. When the hormone concentration is low, the likelihood of conception through IVF is reduced.

If the body is not able to produce steroid hormones on its own, the patient is prescribed progesterone drugs. They have a pronounced stimulating effect on endometrial tissue, due to which they loosen and increase in volume. Embryos are transferred into the uterine cavity on the 3rd day after the start of hormonal therapy.

The concentration of the hormone in the blood after IVF is an important indicator of the success of the procedure and the general condition of the patient. Progesterone level on day 3 after embryo transfer

may fluctuate greatly downwards. That is why maintenance hormonal therapy is carried out until the 26th day of the cycle.

With high levels of steroid hormones in the body, noticeable changes can occur:

bloating;
sudden change of mood;
enlargement of the mammary glands;
copious clear discharge.

In order to timely identify the threat of miscarriage, reproductive specialists advise taking a progesterone test once every 2-3 days immediately after IVF. Before blood sampling, patients should not eat for 8-9 hours. In this regard, it is recommended to take tests in the morning on an empty stomach. At 1-2 weeks of gestation, the level of the hormone in the blood should be in the range of 38-58 nmol/l.

Prevention methods

According to statistics, adults often have headaches due to acquired disorders. Common causes are poor diet, stress and lack of rest, and excess weight. Today, many people, including young people, lead a sedentary lifestyle, which also negatively affects the general condition of the body. Doctors at the Clinical Institute of the Brain have several tips on how to provide timely prevention of headaches at home:

regularly measure blood pressure, especially at the age of 40 years or more;
perform simple exercises for the neck and head every day, including during the working day;
consume sufficient amounts of vitamins and microelements;
give up bad habits, smoking and drinking alcohol, as well as fatty foods high in cholesterol.

If a person has a headache for several days or even weeks, it is worth contacting the Clinical Brain Institute. Doctors will develop an individual program for diagnosing and treating chronic pain. The scheme will include only the necessary informative techniques that will allow you to quickly make an accurate diagnosis and select the most effective course of treatment, including at home.

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How to choose painkillers?

Everything here is individual. For some people, regular paracetamol or ibuprofen helps with headaches. For others they are useless. There are more modern drugs that do not have such a negative effect on the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and generally cause fewer side effects.

The most reasonable approach is to choose a painkiller together with your doctor, especially if you have, for example, chronic gastritis, if the patient is over 40 years old.

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