From sadness to joy - like on a swing: what to do with a labile personality type?

Every person’s mood can suddenly deteriorate: due to bad news, an offensive word, or poor health. Someone is trying to hide it from others. Others go to share the problem with their best friend. Still others go for their favorite ice cream to get positive emotions. But there are also those who experience alternating bursts of joy and sadness several times a day. At the same time, they also do not know how to hide their feelings, so everyone around them knows about their unbridled joy and universal sadness. In psychology, for such character accentuation there is a separate concept - labile personality type.

general characteristics

What does a labile type of character accentuation mean? This is a psychotype, characterized by rapid and sharp mood swings against the background of a rich sensory sphere and social responsiveness.

Main features

The main feature is a quick, hardly predictable change in mood and emotions, which manifest themselves as clearly as possible. Such people do not know how to control them and hide them from others.

The labile personality type, which seems harmless at first glance, actually has a whole complex of negative traits that ruin the life of both him and the people around him:

• sharp, uncontrollable, sudden mood swings;
• short temper, irritability, conflict, attacks of aggression up to pugnacity;
• anxiety;
• lack of self-control;
• unpredictability, inadequacy;
• hysterical crying or laughing;
• attacks of apathy;
• jealousy, suspicion;
• poor memory, impaired concentration;
• sadness, despondency, which can lead to depression.

There are also positive features:

• sociability;
• good nature;
• sensitivity, responsiveness;
• devotion, affection;
• sincerity;
• deep feelings;
• well developed intuition.

The “weak link” of a labile person (something that can not only spoil his mood, but also break him psychologically, cause psychological trauma, and lead him to a state of depression):

• emotional abandonment of people significant to them;
• loss of loved ones;
• separation from loved ones.

Conflict situations are those factors due to which labile people’s mood most often deteriorates:

• competition;
• infringement of self-esteem;
• disharmony with others (everyone is good, but he is bad);
• lack of recognition, success, attention;
• fear of punishment;
• criticism.

Briefly, this psychotype can be described as follows. Such people are rarely in a calm state. Every event can throw them off balance. His mood soars (because they smiled at him, he was praised, the sun came out, he passed the project, etc.), and then he sings, dances, and tells jokes to everyone. Then it drops sharply (because the boss looked askance, his head hurt, he made a mistake in the papers, it started to rain, etc.), and then he throws things, cries, refuses to communicate with everyone. And this happens several times a day.

Appearance

The appearance that people with a labile personality type have is distinguished by special features that make them stand out in the crowd:

• an attentive and penetrating gaze, concentrated on one point;
• elongated nose;
• high growth;
• stooped posture;
• jerky, angular movements;
• unsure gait;
• constantly twirls something in his hands;
• conservative style of clothing.

The labile personality type according to Lichko in socionics is an intuitive-logical extrovert (Don Quixote psychotype). And according to Leonhard, the labile type is called somewhat differently - affective.

University

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They say there is a scale of psychotypes. How can you find out how your own child is growing up in order to help him fight his negative traits? Zinaida K., Gomel.

The classification of accentuations was developed by the German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard in 1968. Based on his works and the research of Russian psychiatrist Pyotr Gannushkin, Soviet psychiatrist, Honored Scientist Andrei Lichko created his own personality typology.

PARANOID

Traits of this psychotype rarely appear in childhood; the guys are focused on one thing, serious, preoccupied, striving to achieve what they want at any cost.

Dominant character trait: high degree of determination. Such teenagers subordinate their lives to achieving a goal (quite large-scale), while being able to neglect the interests of others. They are ready to sacrifice well-being, give up entertainment, comfort and other joys common to children.

Attractive character traits: high energy; independence; independence; reliability in cooperation when goals coincide with the aspirations of the people with whom they work.

Repulsive traits: irritability, anger, if something or someone gets in the way of the goal; weak sensitivity to other people's grief; authoritarianism.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: they are extremely ambitious in the grand scheme of things, not in small things.

Features of communication and friendship. When making contact, they often suppress their interlocutor, are overly categorical in their judgments, and can hurt others with their words. They don’t notice their own conflict. Completely unsentimental, friendship is viewed as a continuation of a common great cause. Friends are only comrades.

Attitude to study and work. Only those subjects that are needed now or will be needed in the future are carefully studied. To do this, they can go to the library, take extra classes, buy a lot of books, and read during breaks. And everything else in school is of no value. The greatest success is achieved in individual creative work. Unsurpassed generators of big ideas and non-standard approaches to solving complex problems. EPILEPTIOID From preschool age, children predisposed to this type are thrifty with clothes and toys. They react sharply to those who try to take possession of their property; From the first school years they show increased accuracy.

Dominant character traits: love of order, desire to maintain what has already been established, conservatism; high energy (students willingly engage in physical education, run, speak loudly, organize everyone around them, and with their activity often disturb others). In extreme situations, teenagers become brave and even reckless; in everyday life they show anger, explosiveness, and pickiness.

Attractive character traits: thoroughness, accuracy, diligence, frugality (often turning into pedantry), reliability (always keep promises), punctuality (in order not to be late, they will set 2 alarm clocks and also ask their parents to wake them up), attentiveness to health.

Repulsive character traits: insensitivity to the grief of others, excessive irritability due to noticed disorder, carelessness of others, or violation of rules.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: they cannot tolerate disobedience and violently rebel against infringement of their own interests.

Features of communication and friendship. They do not make casual acquaintances; they prefer to communicate with childhood friends and schoolmates. If they consider someone a friend, then they fulfill all the obligations that friendship imposes. Betrayal, either in friendship or in love, will never be forgiven.

Attitude to study and work. They are goal-oriented, complete all homework, do not skip classes, and are usually excellent students. Growing up, they perform best in work related to maintaining order, rules and regulations adopted by someone else (for example, a financier, lawyer, teacher, military man, etc.). HYPERTIME Those belonging to this psychotype have been distinguished since childhood by their noisiness, sociability, and courage; prone to mischief. They lack a sense of distance in relationships with adults.

Dominant character traits: high spirits, extroversion, joy from communication, good health and blooming appearance.

Attractive character traits: energy, optimism, generosity, desire to help people, initiative, talkativeness, cheerfulness; the mood is almost independent of what is happening around.

Repulsive character traits: superficiality, inability to concentrate on a specific task or thought, constant desire to do something more interesting at the moment, jumping from one thing to another (such guys sign up for several clubs or sections at once, but none for longer than 1– They haven’t walked for 2 months), disorganization, familiarity, frivolity, readiness to take unrestrained risks.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: cannot tolerate a monotonous environment, monotonous work that requires painstakingness or a sharp limitation of communication; they are oppressed by loneliness and forced idleness.

Features of communication and friendship. They always act as merry fellows and jokers. Their home is a meeting place for friends and acquaintances, where anyone can come and stay as long as they like. They are always drawn to the company and strive for leadership among their peers. They can easily find themselves in an unfavorable environment and are prone to adventures. They are not capable of deep affection. They are characterized by love for their neighbor (and not for all humanity); rush to help without hesitation. In friendship they are kind and unforgiving. Having offended someone, they quickly forget about it and will be sincerely happy the next time they meet; if necessary, they will apologize for the offense caused and do something nice.

Attitude to study and work. Schoolchildren of this psychotype would achieve significant success if they were not so frivolous and could concentrate on one subject. All subjects are easy for them, but the knowledge they receive at school is superficial and often unsystematic. They are constantly late for classes and skip classes (especially those classes in which they are bored and have no opportunity to express themselves). It’s easy to catch up on lost time: for example, before a test or exam, they don’t sleep for one night and learn almost everything.

Capable of achieving success in any business. At first, everything goes well for them, achievements appear, but if routine work begins, it becomes uninteresting, the activity ceases to be new, then they are ready to quit at the first opportunity and switch to something else.

Noisy and overactive, they often create the appearance of productive activity (they willingly and eagerly get down to business, plan a lot of events, hold meetings, etc.), which helps to advance their career.1

HYSTEROID

This psychotype is visible from early childhood. A cute baby, in front of a large number of adult strangers, recites poems, sings songs, and demonstrates his talents and outfits without any embarrassment. The main thing for him is admiring spectators. If guests sat down at the table and forgot about it, it will certainly attract attention again. If unsuccessful, he will knock over a glass on the tablecloth or break a saucer.

Dominant character traits: demonstrativeness; the desire to constantly be the center of attention, sometimes at any cost; thirst for constant admiration or surprise, veneration, worship.

Attractive character traits: perseverance, initiative, sociability, dedication, resourcefulness, activity, pronounced organizational skills, independence and willingness to take leadership (although after a burst of energy, the listed qualities quickly fizzle out).

Repulsive character traits: a tendency to intrigue and demagoguery, hypocrisy, cockiness, recklessness, thoughtless risks (but only in the presence of spectators), boasting about non-existent successes, taking into account only one’s own desires, inflated self-esteem, touchiness.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: inability to withstand blows to egocentrism, exposure of fictions.

Features of communication and friendship. They constantly need numerous viewers. In principle, this is the main form of their life (in public and for people). But, as a rule, they communicate only with those who express their admiration and idolize their abilities and talent. Very often they are selective, striving to be friends with famous people in order to be in the shadow of their fame, or with those who lose to them in order to shade themselves even more.

Attitude to study and work. Often this is just a reason for communication, an opportunity to express yourself among people. They go to school for fun. To attract attention, they study not just well, but better than anyone else, surprising teachers with their abilities in various subjects. In principle, these are gifted, talented people who are easily given professions related to artistic creativity. They work best outside the team and outside the mandatory framework. SCHIZOID Since school years, such children like to play alone, are not drawn to classmates, avoid noisy fun, preferring the company of older children. In adolescence, isolation and isolation, and an inability to empathize with others are striking.

Dominant character trait: introversion. This is a pronounced mental type, constantly analyzing the surrounding reality.

Attractive character traits: seriousness, restlessness, taciturnity, stability of interests and constancy of activities. As a rule, these are talented, smart and unpretentious schoolchildren. Productive, they can work on their ideas for a long time, but do not push through them, do not implement them.

Repulsive character traits: isolation, coldness, rationality. Such children have low energy and are inactive during intensive work - both physical and intellectual. Emotionally cold. Their egoism is unconscious. At the same time, they are vulnerable, because they are proud. They do not tolerate criticism of their system.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: they cannot tolerate situations in which it is necessary to establish informal emotional contacts, and the violent invasion of strangers into their inner world.

Features of communication and friendship. Very selective; people are hardly noticed, like many things in the material world. But they still need communication that is deep and meaningful. The circle of people with whom they come into contact is limited (as a rule, they are older). They are characterized by self-sufficiency in the sphere of relationships; they can communicate with themselves or with one person. A friend is one who understands their characteristics well and does not pay attention to oddities, isolation and other negative character traits.

Attitude to study and work. They are capable and talented, but require an individual approach, since they have a special vision of the world, their own point of view on ordinary phenomena and objects, unlike others. They know how to study a lot, but not systematically, because it is difficult to fulfill generally accepted requirements, and not according to the scheme they themselves invented. When they see that a teacher evaluates the result of work, and not formal compliance with mandatory rules, they show all their talent. If the teacher and parents require children of this psychotype to solve problems in a strictly defined way (as explained in class), then they will fall behind, despite the fact that they are quite capable of solving the same problems in several original ways. This applies not only to mathematics, but also to other academic subjects. Most often, such guys make excellent scientists, for example mathematicians or theoretical physicists. PSYCHASTENOID Along with some timidity and timidity, such children have a tendency to reason and have intellectual interests that are beyond their age. From a young age they suffer from various phobias - fear of strangers, new objects, darkness, being alone at home, etc.

Dominant character traits: uncertainty and anxious suspiciousness, fear for one’s future and loved ones.

Attractive character traits: accuracy, seriousness, conscientiousness, prudence, self-criticism, even mood, loyalty to promises, reliability.

Repulsive character traits: indecisiveness, a certain formalism, a tendency to long discussions, self-examination. There may be fears regarding an unlikely future, based on the principle “no matter what happens” (hence the belief in omens). Another form of protection against constant fears is conscious formalism and pedantry, which are based on the idea that if everything is carefully thought out in advance, foreseen and then acted without deviating a single step from the planned plan, then troubles can be avoided. Such teenagers find it difficult to make decisions; they constantly doubt: have they taken everything into account? But if they dare, they begin to act immediately, because they are afraid that they will change their mind.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: fear of responsibility.

Features of communication and friendship. They are shy, self-conscious, and do not like to make new contacts. They have few friends, but this friendship lasts forever. They remember the smallest details of the relationship and are sincerely grateful for your attention.

Attitude to study and work. They are able to study without raising their heads, showing determination, perseverance and perseverance for a long time, because they are afraid of upsetting their loved ones and teachers with low grades. The result obtained is checked against reference books, dictionaries, and encyclopedias; They'll call a friend and ask him.

These are ideal subordinates: they will complete any work carefully, accurately and on time, if the task is specific and there are instructions clearly regulating the procedure for its implementation. Such people like a quiet profession, for example, a librarian, accountant, or laboratory assistant. SENSITIVE From the first steps, these guys are fearful, afraid of loneliness, darkness, animals, especially dogs. They avoid active and noisy peers, but are sociable with those they are accustomed to; They love to play with kids: they feel confident and calm. They are very attached to their family and friends, these are “home children”: they try not to leave their native walls, they do not like to visit, much less travel somewhere far away (for example, to another city, even if their beloved grandmother lives there).

Dominant character traits: increased sensitivity, impressionability. Children are timid and shy, especially among strangers and in unusual surroundings. They see many shortcomings in themselves.

Attractive character traits: kindness, calmness, attentiveness to people, a sense of duty, high internal discipline, responsibility, conscientiousness, self-criticism, increased demands on oneself. They strive to overcome their weaknesses.

Repulsive character traits: suspiciousness, fearfulness, isolation, a tendency to self-flagellation and self-humiliation, confusion in difficult situations, increased sensitivity and conflict on this basis.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: they cannot tolerate ridicule or suspicion from others of unseemly actions or unkind attitudes.

Features of communication and friendship. They contact with a narrow circle of people who arouse their sympathy. They avoid meeting and communicating with the lively and restless in every possible way. They prefer to share experiences and sensations with old friends.

Attitude to study and work. They study because they do not want to upset their relatives and teachers. They are embarrassed to answer at the board, they are afraid that they will be called an upstart. With a friendly attitude from teachers, they show excellent results. For them, work is something secondary; the main thing is warm and kind relationships with colleagues and the support of their manager. They can be executive and devoted secretaries, assistants, etc. HYPOTHYMOUS They do not show much joy, they are offended by everyone, especially by their parents. There is an expression of dissatisfaction on their faces, frustration because they did not do it the way they wanted.

Dominant character trait: always in a minor key.

Attractive character traits: conscientiousness, keen critical view of the world. They strive to be at home more often, to create comfort and warmth, thereby avoiding unnecessary worries.

Repulsive character traits: touchiness, vulnerability, despondency, tendency to look for illness in oneself, almost no interests and hobbies. Fast fatiguability.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: open disagreement with a different perception of reality.

Features of communication and friendship. Often and for a long time they are offended by others and friends, although they urgently need communication, so that they have someone to complain about life, about the fact that they were not understood or appreciated. I like to talk about the difficult circumstances in which I found myself. The advice of your interlocutor will be answered with a lot of arguments why nothing can be changed and it will only get worse.

It is difficult to be friends with such children: they see in any person a possible reason for the deterioration of their mood.

Attitude to study and work. They prove themselves by memorizing the material well and carefully completing assignments, but they are not particularly interested in the depth and content itself. They study for fear of a bad grade. Citing illness, they may skip classes, most often in physical education, labor training and other subjects, the teachers of which do not make allowances for a bad mood.

It happens that they complain about people, circumstances, and ask to be given another task. But everything repeats itself: shortcomings, negative aspects in the organization of production or traits in others - a whole uprising in the soul. It's hard to do one thing all the time.

CONFORMAL TYPE

This type is quite common. Children agree with everything that their immediate environment suggests, but as soon as they come under the influence of another group, they change their attitude towards the same things to the opposite. They lose their personal attitude towards the world - judgments and assessments will coincide with the opinions of those with whom they communicate at the moment. Moreover, they do not stand out, do not impose their opinions, representing the masses who agree with the leader.

Dominant character traits: excessive adaptability to the environment, almost complete dependence on family and company. Life flows under the motto: “Think like everyone else, do like everyone else, and so that everything is like everyone else.” This extends to clothing style, behavior, and views on important issues. These teenagers become attached to their peer group and unconditionally accept its value system without criticism.

Attractive character traits: friendliness, diligence, discipline, flexibility. They will not be a source of conflict or discord. They listen to the guys’ stories about “exploits”, agree with proposals from leaders, willingly participate in “adventures”, but then they can repent. They lack their own courage and determination. If the micro-team seems significant and has a positive orientation, then together with it they can achieve serious success, for example, by studying in some section.

Repulsive character traits: lack of independence, almost complete lack of criticism towards oneself and the immediate environment.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: they cannot tolerate drastic changes or breaking the life stereotype.

Features of communication and friendship. They easily establish contacts with people and at the same time imitate leaders. Friendly relationships are fickle and depend on the current situation. They do not strive to excel among friends and do not show interest in making new acquaintances.

Attitude to study and work. If everyone around them studies well, then they will make an effort to keep up with their friends. The attitude towards work also depends on the mood of the team; are able to demonstrate diligence, diligence, creativity and ingenuity, and carry out everything that is assigned. Or they may shirk or do work formally if there are slackers nearby.

UNSTABLE TYPE Since childhood, they are disobedient, restless, climb everywhere, but at the same time they are afraid of punishment and easily obey their peers.

Dominant character traits: complete inconstancy of manifestations, dependence on any person who is nearby at that moment. Easily influenced.

Attractive character traits: sociability, openness, helpfulness, goodwill, speed of switching in business and communication. Often, outwardly, such teenagers are obedient, ready to fulfill the requests of adults, but their desires quickly disappear; very soon they forget about their word or are lazy, they come up with a lot of reasons why they cannot do what they promised.

Repulsive character traits: craving for empty pastime and entertainment, talkativeness, agreement, irresponsibility.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: neglect, lack of control.

Features of communication and friendship. Non-conflicting. Their contacts are pointless. They can be part of several groups at once, adopting the rules and style of behavior of each team. Tend to live for today; They sit for hours in front of the TV, listening to music. They act as assistants to leaders.

Attitude to study and work. Under the influence of another hobby, they may begin to study well or abandon their studies, which will inevitably lead to large gaps in knowledge. Further studies become more difficult. Their knowledge is unsystematic, their attention is unstable, and during lessons they are often distracted from work for a long time. Homework is done reluctantly. Such people do not make good specialists. ASTHENIC Since childhood, poor sleep, poor appetite, often capricious, afraid of everything. Sensitive to loud sounds, bright light; they quickly tire of even a small number of people; strive for solitude.

Dominant character traits: increased fatigue, irritability.

Attractive character traits: neatness, discipline, modesty, complaisance, diligence, friendliness, forgivingness.

Repulsive character traits: capriciousness, self-doubt, lethargy, forgetfulness. Such teenagers are timid, shy, have low self-esteem, and cannot stand up for themselves. They experience great anxiety when external circumstances change and stereotypes are broken, because their psychological defense mechanism is getting used to things and their way of life.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: sudden affective outbursts due to severe fatigue and irritability.

Features of communication and friendship. They do not strive for close relationships due to uncertainty and do not show initiative. The circle of friends is limited.

Attitude to study and work. Low self-esteem often gets in the way. Constant doubts, feelings of anxiety and fear of making a mistake prevent you from working normally in class or answering at the board, even when the material has been learned. Work is tiring and does not bring joy or relief. Heavy and tense causes irritation. They need periodic rest or alternation of different types of activities.

LABILE TYPE They often catch colds. They are capable of getting upset because of an unflattering word, an unfriendly look, or a broken toy. Pleasant words, a new suit or book, good news quickly lift your spirits and give a cheerful tone to the conversation, but at any moment another “trouble” can change everything.

Dominant character trait: extreme mood swings from insignificant reasons. The state of mind determines everything: appetite, sleep, general well-being, desire to communicate, learn, performance.

Attractive character traits: good nature, sensitivity, affection, sincerity, responsiveness (during periods of high spirits). Loyalty to those with whom you are on good terms, who are loved and cared for. Moreover, this attachment remains, even if the mood has changed.

Repulsive character traits: irritability, short temper, pugnacity, weakened self-control. During a normal conversation, they can flare up and say something impudent and offensive.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: emotional rejection of significant people, loss of loved ones or separation from those to whom they are attached.

Features of communication and friendship. It all depends on my mood. If you are happy and satisfied with life, then you establish contacts with great desire; if you are upset and not satisfied, then they are minimal. They have developed intuition and easily determine a “good” and a “bad” person when choosing a friend. They prefer to be friends with those who, during periods of low mood, know how to distract, console, tell something interesting, protect in the face of attacks from others, and, in moments of emotional upsurge, share wild joy and fun. Capable of loyal friendship.

Attitude to study and work. Characterized by extreme variability; They react unpredictably to remarks and requests from the teacher or parents: in response to a remark they are able to laugh and joyfully begin to correct the mistake, but tears, irritation, and reluctance to obey the legitimate demands of the teacher are quite possible. Knowledge is superficial and unsystematic, because such teenagers do not manage themselves and cannot be controlled by adults. They switch gears, forget about their bad mood, if the work interests them, doesn’t get boring, and captivates them. CYCLOID These schoolchildren are no different from their peers, but from time to time they are unusually noisy, mischievous, and are constantly doing something. Then they become calm and controlled again. Adolescents experience periodic phases of mood swings, the duration of which ranges from several days to a week or more.

Dominant character trait: cyclical changes in the emotional background (high mood disappears, emotional decline puzzles everyone).

Attractive character traits: initiative, cheerfulness, sociability, when your soul is good.

Repulsive character traits: inconsistency, imbalance, indifference, outbursts of irritability, excessive touchiness and pickiness towards others. If you are overcome by sadness, then everything falls out of your hands; What was easy yesterday requires incredible effort today. During a recession, it is more difficult to live, study, and communicate. Companies are annoying, risk, adventure, entertainment are losing their appeal. They become “homebodies” for a while.

Mistakes and minor troubles are very difficult to experience on pessimistic days. Just yesterday they won the tournament, but today the game isn’t going well, the coach is unhappy... It’s depressing, they don’t recognize their body, they don’t understand their irritation, they don’t want to see their loved ones. They respond to remarks and remarks with dissatisfaction, although deep down they are very worried about these sudden changes. There is no feeling of hopelessness; they are confident that after some time everything will be fine again. You just need to survive the recession period.

The “weak link” of the psychotype: emotional rejection by significant people, a radical break in life stereotypes.

Features of communication and friendship. Relationships with people are cyclical: the craving for communication, new acquaintances, reckless prowess are replaced by isolation, reluctance to talk even with parents and close friends (“I’m so tired of you all”). They are truly friends with those who understand this inevitability of change in relationships and are not offended and forgive outbursts of irritability and resentment.

Attitude to study and work. Periods of active work in the classroom and at home are followed by stages when complete indifference to anything sets in. In work, everything works out and works out as long as it’s interesting; as soon as the mood drops, they are dissatisfied with everything that is offered to them.

Based on the degree of severity, we can distinguish 2 types of character accentuations, which is necessary to know for an individual approach in raising a child, when choosing career guidance, forms of personal and family psychotherapy: • obvious accentuation - an extreme variant of the norm. Character traits are expressed throughout life; • hidden accentuation is a common variant of the norm. Some special character traits appear mainly during psychotrauma.+

These 2 types can transform into each other, which is influenced by family upbringing, social environment, professional activity, and physical health. In contrast to “pure” types, mixed forms of character accentuation are much more common. Natalya Grigorieva, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology of BSMU, Candidate of Medical Sciences. Sciences Medical Bulletin , July 31, 2014

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Compatibility

In order to build the right relationships with others, it is useful for a person with a labile personality type to know his compatibility with other character accentuations:

• + labile = identity, mutual understanding, mutual assistance, support, harmonious relationships;
• + hyperthymic-unstable = personality types that complement each other; relationships optimal for friendship and marriage;
• + hyperthymic = pulsating relationships: sometimes easy and relaxed, sometimes boring and annoying, so these types need to take a break from each other from time to time;
• + psychasthenic = mirror relationships, but the mirror turns out to be distorted: one corrects the other without delving into the essence of his behavior - this leads to misunderstandings and claims;
• + hysterical = patronage relationship (on the part of the labile type) without feedback;
• + schizoid = the auditor (labile type) constantly finds fault with the sub-auditor (schizoid), tries to teach him and re-educate him;
• + cycloid = average degree of comfort in a relationship, when you have nothing against your partner, but you don’t feel any particular sympathy for him;
• + comfortable-hyperthymic = relaxation relationship: with such a partner it’s nice to relax and discuss extraneous topics, but you definitely won’t do business with him.

This information will help you build the right relationships with others - friends, colleagues, loved ones and family.

Recommendations

• Frequent changes in mood should not be considered a deviation from the norm. There is a disorder called bipolar. There alternate depressive and manic states. So, labile accentuation has nothing to do with mental illness. It is important to learn to accept this emotional instability, this is a person with such characteristics, and he cannot be changed. So there is no need to make any claims against him. Just make a decision whether you are ready to put up with the fact that during the conversation he will have time to be upset and have fun, or not.
• If you are the owner of this type of character, do not demand the impossible from yourself. Namely, a calm response to various events. Love yourself for who you are.
• Meditation and other techniques that relax and allow you to feel harmony within yourself will help bring a little stability.
• Keep a diary in which you write down the thoughts and feelings that bother you. Close people are in different states, which is why they are not always ready to listen to your complaints. But it is necessary to release tension, otherwise your health will begin to deteriorate. And thanks to the recordings, you can track how often your health changes. You will understand what you react more negatively to. Such information will allow you to adjust your life in such a way as to fill it with pleasant events as much as possible and protect yourself from stress.

Types of labile accentuation

Labile-hysterical:

• distorted self-esteem;
• dependence on the opinions of others;
• an irrepressible fantasy in which such individuals will invariably see themselves as a hero and winner.

Labile-affective:

• outbursts of excitability without targeted aggression towards others;
• frequent changes not only in mood, but also in interests;
• lack of concentration, due to which study and work suffer;
• distorted self-esteem makes it difficult to communicate with society.

Emotionally labile type (labile-sensitive):

• excessive expression of emotions;
• unexpected actions dictated by emotions that violate norms of behavior;
• grievances manifest themselves in hysterical laughter, joy - in a river of tears.

Labile-conformal:

• difficult to cope with your emotions;
• inability to criticize either one’s own actions or those of others;
• difficulties in adapting to new conditions.

Highlighting

There is also a labile-cycloid subtype. Its distinctive feature is its cyclical, rather than chaotic, mood changes. Many subtypes represent ordinary character accentuations. However, there are also those who are on the verge of psychopathology. Under the influence of conflict situations and traumatic factors, they can become mental disorders. These include labile-affective, labile-sensitive and labile-hysterical.

Type classification

For the first time, the classification of accentuations (specific character traits) was proposed by the German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard. He became the author of the concept of accentuated personality and described character traits that are within the normal range, but have some similarities with mental disorders.

Although the classification is based on the behavior of healthy people, Leonhard studied psychopathology and borderline disorders. Therefore, the famous Soviet psychiatrist Andrei Lichko most accurately described the 8 personality types of people without mental illness.

1. The schizoid type is an active person, but constantly in a state of anxiety. He is frightened by intimacy with others, so he often avoids love relationships, devaluing them.
2. Psychasthenic is a neat and reasonable person who constantly torments himself with excessive self-reflection. Internal analysis rarely produces tangible results, but it instills a feeling of uncertainty and constraint due to the fear of making a mistake.
3. Sensitive is a kind and sincere person who is distinguished by timidity and shyness. At some point, such people enter a period of overcompensation, when they strive to prove their courage, cheerfulness, and relevance.
4. Astheno-neurotic - a person who quickly gets tired and irritated for any reason, often suffers from hypochondria. It is important to distinguish representatives of this type from people with neurasthenia.
5. Cycloid - the mood of such people changes in waves, on average, one period lasts up to 2 weeks: subdepression is replaced by a joyful mood, and then the cycle repeats again and again.
6. A hyperthymic person is an active and productive person who easily takes on new things, but very rarely completes them. He does not feel any pangs of conscience about this.
7. Epileptoid is a type in which two emotions prevail: anger and melancholy.
8. Labile is a person of mood in whom one can detect traits from the description of each characteristic at different time intervals.

An emotionally labile personality type is difficult to identify with a superficial acquaintance. It is important to see the dynamics of mood changes.

Reasons for formation

Like all other character accentuations, the labile personality type is innate. However, there are factors that can aggravate its manifestations. These include:

• choleric type character;
• peculiarities of upbringing (when the child was not taught to control his emotions or was simply spoiled);
• impaired functioning of the nervous system: neuroses, childhood psychotraumas, severe stressful situations, unpreparedness for global changes;
• physiology: traumatic brain injury, drug addiction, oncology, cardiovascular diseases.

To correct behavior with problems related to the central nervous system, you should consult a psychiatrist. If the issue is physiological, treat existing

Basic Concepts

Lability manifests itself at the mental, mental and emotional levels .

What is lability of thinking?

A distinctive feature of such mental activity is the constant jumping from one idea to another.

A person does not yet have time to fully develop one topic before he immediately moves on to a new one. As a result, he is unable to concentrate on any specific issue.

Any superficial impression stimulates the development of his thoughts in a given direction . As a result, he talks continuously, without observing any logical chain between his phrases. Often there is causeless laughter that has no objective basis.

Mental lability is characterized by increased impressionability and emotionality. Mental processes occur at high speed. A person demonstrates an unstable emotional state, his mood is constantly changing.

Labile psyche is often found in people of creative professions - actors, musicians, artists.

Their creative activity is possible only in the presence of deep experiences and impressions, so they unconsciously demonstrate increased mental activity in order to stimulate their emotions.

People with a similar temperament are very touchy and whiny.

At the same time, due to rapid mood changes, they are not able to remain in a depressed state for a long time, which is a definite advantage.

If we consider the main types of temperament , then individuals with a labile psyche are classified as typical choleric people.

Emotional lability syndrome - what does it mean? With a pronounced syndrome, the instability of the emotional state is expressed in a constant change of mood. This can cause a person some discomfort.

Constant transitions from a depressed to a joyful mood take up a lot of energy, which leads to physical and emotional exhaustion.

Problems also arise in the area of ​​interpersonal relationships. People around them are wary of individuals who demonstrate such atypical behavior.

Non-standard, critical situations that have a negative impact on a person and aggravate his emotional state pose a great risk.

Diagnostics

Want to know if you are a labile personality type? Take the test and calculate your results.

If the test results score from 0 to 10, you are far from being a labile type in terms of displaying emotions and mood swings. Those who get from 11 to 20 points are sometimes similar to similar people, since they do not always cope with the feelings that overwhelm them, but this happens extremely rarely. The range from 21 to 25 points indicates a borderline, very close stage to this character accentuation. Its brightest representatives are those who scored more than 26 points.

Mood

The characteristic of the labile type is based on a sudden change in mood, for which no good reason is needed. When communicating with such a person, you can see in a short period of time bitter tears and sincere laughter, and then a serious attitude.

Others may decide that their interlocutor is insincere or superficial. In fact, this impression is wrong. Representatives of the labile type are able to experience emotions very deeply.

Changes in mood among representatives of the labile type are always caused by external factors.

When such a person is upset, negative emotions consume him: he cannot eat, sleep, or work. The gloomy view of the world extends to his past, which is perceived as a series of failures, and to the future, which seems devoid of prospects. When the mood returns to normal, the past will cause pleasant nostalgia, and pleasant events will loom in the future.

Features of communication

People with the described accentuation have many difficulties in communicating with others.

What are they like in love:

• capable of deep, true feeling;
• faithful and devoted;
• they are not sure about the person who is nearby: when they are in a good mood, he is ideal for them; when it’s bad, it’s unnecessary ballast;
• a prolonged period of flirting;
• for them, the family is a refuge for restoring internal balance;
• the spouse is perceived as a friend and ally;
• sex is the last thing they are interested in;
• are having a hard time with the breakup - it can take years to recover.

Those who are in a relationship with such a psychotype must be patient in order to endure the minute-by-minute outbursts of tears and joy. Even in a friend, they most often look for a psychotherapist to share their sorrows. But at the same time they are distinguished by their devotion and are always ready to help.

They are quite responsible at work and always bring projects to completion. They treat their colleagues evenly; intrigue is not their strong point. They never set anyone up, they help out if necessary. However, career advancement is hampered by temperament and restlessness. In those moments when they cannot contain their emotions, they are capable of being insolent to their boss, tearing up important papers, and disrupting a meeting.

How to behave with a labile psychotype:

• Don’t take their mood changes personally;
• find a business that will captivate both parties;
• during times of distress, console and support;
• constantly encourage, praise even for the smallest achievements;
• ask every time about the reasons for the bad mood, and convince that it is not worth worrying about;
• never use aggressive methods of influence;
• avoid conflicts by any means.

Friendship

A labile type of character makes a person a wonderful friend. The thing is that he chooses a patron as a friend who will instill him with self-confidence and lift his spirits. In return, he will give his admiration and devotion.

Often people of the labile type find a life partner from among their close friends. An outsider may be frightened by the emotionality and lack of restraint of a labile character, but with friendly communication one can see his deep inner world, the ability to empathize, love, be faithful and reliable. For someone who likes to play the role of a parent in a relationship and feel like a leader, living together with a labile person will seem very comfortable.

Correction

Recommendations from psychologists on how to work on yourself are as follows:

1. Give up self-criticism so as not to once again cultivate feelings of guilt. Learn to respect yourself.
2. Take responsibility for your actions.
3. In the evening, make yourself a plan for the whole next day and strictly follow it point by point.
4. To control emotions, you need to subjugate your body. To this end, take up dancing, exercise, and sports.
5. Learn to track the causes of mood deterioration and, if possible, avoid them.

You can take up psychotraining and perform several exercises on your own.

• Exercise "Analyst"

Imagine yourself as an analyst who always analyzes everything. Your task is to pick apart the factors that contribute to the deterioration of your mood. As soon as you feel that irritation or apathy is overwhelming you, start thinking about why this happened. Try not to miss a single little thing: maybe someone said something, elbowed you, didn’t call, etc. Think about why this upset you so much. Record your findings in a separate notebook. Make notes every time you get nervous. After a couple of weeks, re-read the results of your analytical work. Summarize what most often drives you crazy. Try to avoid these factors.

• Exercise “Getting into the Role”

Choose any positive role for yourself in the evening and try to get used to it as much as possible, starting in the morning, throughout the day. You do not have the right to deviate even one step from the designated character, no matter how much you would like to do so. For example, if you decide to be phlegmatic, you need to be calm and balanced, despite mood swings.

• Exercise "Alternative"

Your task is to learn to catch those moments when your mood begins to change for the worse. As soon as this happens, find an alternative activity that will help you release irritation and anger and give you moments of happiness and peace. For example, go for a walk in the park. Or eat ice cream. Or do some breathing exercises. Everyone will have their own method. The main thing is to learn to take control of emotions and promptly replace them with a worthy alternative.

If a person understands that he is not able to cope with emotions on his own, there is no need to hesitate to turn to psychotherapy, which has its own methods of working with such character accentuations:

• drug therapy: antidepressants, sedatives;
• psychotrainings aimed at improving concentration, family relationships and social contacts, and relieving emotional stress;
• treatment of somatic diseases;
• a strict daily routine with meals and walks in the fresh air by the hour and proper sleep;
• balanced diet;
• massotherapy;
• exercise therapy;
• hypnosis.

Despite the duration of the psychotherapeutic course of correction, the prognosis is usually favorable.

How to work on yourself?

It is impossible to radically change oneself; a person has the power to correct those traits of his personality that prevent him from being in harmony with himself and others. Partially, this correction occurs under the influence of the environment: in a society where it is not customary to show emotions clearly, a labile person will learn to manage his condition. The upbringing factor has a great influence.

But there is also self-education, which helps you become better and make your life more comfortable and happy.

Accentuation can be hidden, when problematic traits are revealed only in difficult life situations, and also explicit, when a person’s behavior is often assessed as the extreme limit of the norm.

First of all, you need to focus on your positive qualities. By working on them, a person receives pleasure, and therefore motivation to continue to engage in personal self-correction. As the experience of increasing your strengths becomes impressive, you will have the strength to cope with your weaknesses.

A labile person should focus on such qualities as sociability, the ability to make friends, come to the rescue, and love. The disadvantage is the inability to control one’s condition and cope with outbursts of apathy and sadness.

Therefore, his main goal is emotional stability. To achieve it, you need to learn to control your body - posture, facial expressions, voice. It is important to maintain discipline, make an effective plan for yourself and follow it carefully. The wrong environment can interfere with achieving a task. It is useful for the labile type to be friends with calm and positive people.

Examples of characters and famous personalities

Examples of famous people and characters with a labile personality type:

• Don Quixote is the main character of Miguel de Cervantes's novel The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha;
• Milla Jovovich is an American actress, model and fashion designer;
• Masyanya is the main character of the animated series of the same name, a broken girl with anarchist inclinations;
• Gromozeka is a character in books about Alice Selezneva by Kira Bulycheva and cartoons based on them (“The Secret of the Third Planet,” for example), a professor of archeology from the planet Chumarosa;
• Edward Norton - American actor, producer, director (main role in the film "The Incredible Hulk");
• Russell Crowe is an Australian and American actor and director (roles in the films “Gladiator”, “A Beautiful Mind”, “Les Miserables”);
• Olga Buzova is a Russian TV presenter, actress, singer, former participant and later host of the reality show “Dom-2” (“TNT”).

Rationale for character trait research

Why it is necessary to study the types of accentuation of differences between individuals has two objectives. Firstly, this is a research goal - to identify as many groups as possible and develop specific advice for representatives of each of them. The more classes are identified, the more effective psychological recommendations for their representatives will be.

Secondly, it is necessary to know the types so that the person himself understands the characteristics and reasons for his behavior and can, in accordance with this, correct it.

Often in this regard, everyday psychology is completely insufficient. For example, there is a common belief that fat people are kind. Conversely, a thin person is sometimes perceived as anxious and wary. Of course, such a breakdown into categories may be partly correct. Even Hippocrates did not avoid such an error in classification, although already in the medical field: once upon a time, an ancient doctor directly linked the tendency to apoplexy with obesity.

Soviet psychologist A. E. Lichko, like the German psychiatrist K. Leongard, used the concept of “accentuation” in their research. When applied to a specific property, this term means that it is highlighted more clearly than others, as if emphasized. In other words, accentuation is the expression of a certain character trait. For a person with this or that quality, certain social situations will be very painful, while others will be easily tolerated. This article will discuss the types of accentuation according to Lichko and Leonhard.

The psychology of differences is not a strict discipline. Types of accentuation are always descriptive in nature and are practically never found in their pure form. Each person can find himself in two or more types.

It should also be noted that assigning oneself to a certain category should not be aimless. When playing psychological tests, you need to ask yourself the question: “Why am I doing this?” If a person understands that he belongs to one group or another, he needs to develop for himself an appropriate compensation and self-help strategy. To do this, you need to study the advice given by psychologists for representatives of different classes and apply them to life.

From the editor: Properties, types and structure of neurons

Main Causes of Emotional Stress

Positive emotional reactions rarely pose a threat to human health. And negative emotions, accumulating, lead to chronic stress and pathological disorders of organs and systems. Informational and emotional stress affects both the physiological state of the patient and his emotions and behavior. The most common causes of stress are:

• grievances, fears and negative emotional situations;
• sharp unfavorable life problems (death of a loved one, job loss, divorce, etc.);
• social conditions;
• potentially dangerous situations;
• excessive feeling of concern for yourself and loved ones.

Causes of stress

In addition, even positive emotions can be harmful. Especially if fate brings surprises (the birth of a child, promotion up the career ladder, fulfillment of a dream, etc.). Physiological factors can also be causes of stress:

• sleep disturbance;
• overwork;
• pathologies of the central nervous system;
• poor nutrition;
• hormonal imbalances;
• post-traumatic disorders.

Stress, as a health risk factor, is unpredictable. A person can cope with its impact, but not always. In order to alleviate stress and diagnose it, experts tend to divide stressors into external and internal.

You should look for a way out of a dangerous psycho-emotional state by eliminating the influence of the disturbing factor on the body. There are no problems with external stressors. But dealing with internal stressors requires long, painstaking work not only by a psychologist, but also by other specialists.